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miRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

机译：miRNA作为阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病的循环生物标志物

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Detection of markers for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) within brain tissue of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has always been hampered by our inability to access tissue from living human subjects and obtain biopsy samples of key regions implicated in disease occurrence and progression. Currently, diagnosis of NDDs is principally based on clinical observation of symptoms that present at later stages of disease progression, followed by additional neuroimaging and, possibly, CSF evaluation. A way to potentially detect and diagnose NDDs at a far earlier stage is to screen for abnormal levels of specific disease markers within the peripheral circulation of patients with NDDs. Increasing evidence suggests that there is dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in NDDs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as biofluids, such as plasma, serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, contain miRNAs that can be identified and quantified. This opens the potential for circulating levels of miRNAs within blood or other biofluids to be characterized and used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker screen to support early disease detection and possible disease progression monitoring of NDDs such as AD and PD. Plainly, such a potential screen is only possible with a clear understanding of which miRNAs change with disease, and when this occurs during the progression of AD and PD. Such information is becoming increasingly available and in the near future may not only support disease diagnosis but provide the opportunity to evaluate therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease process where their targets may be more relevant to delay AD or PD progression.
机译：阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）或帕金森氏病（PD）患者脑组织中神经退行性疾病（NDD）标记的检测一直受到我们无法从活着的人类受试者获取组织以及无法获得与疾病发生有关的关键区域的活检样本的阻碍和进步。目前，对NDD的诊断主要基于对疾病进展后期出现的症状进行临床观察，然后进行额外的神经影像学检查，并可能进行CSF评估。在较早阶段可能检测和诊断NDD的方法是筛查NDD患者外周血中特定疾病标志物的异常水平。越来越多的证据表明，NDD中存在microRNA（miRNA）失调。外周血单核细胞以及生物流体（例如血浆，血清，尿液和脑脊髓液）均含有可以鉴定和定量的miRNA。这为表征血液或其他生物流体中的miRNA循环水平打开了潜力，并可用作非侵入性诊断生物标志物筛选，以支持早期疾病检测以及对NDDs（如AD和PD）的可能疾病进展监测。显然，只有在清楚了解哪些miRNA随疾病以及何时在AD和PD进展期间发生这种变化的情况下，才有可能进行这种潜在的筛选。这样的信息变得越来越可用，并且在不久的将来可能不仅支持疾病诊断，而且还提供了机会在疾病过程的早期评估治疗干预措施，这些干预措施的目标可能与延缓AD或PD进展更相关。

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