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ENDOHELMINTHS IN BIRD HOSTS FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF LIFE HISTORY TRAITS ON PARASITE RICHNESS

机译：加利福尼亚北部鸟类寄居动物的内皮细胞蠕虫及其生活史特征对寄生虫丰富性的作用分析

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摘要

The life history characteristics of hosts often influence patterns of parasite infection either by affecting the likelihood of parasite exposure or the probability of infection following exposure. In birds, migratory behavior has been suggested to affect both the composition and abundance of parasites within a host, although whether migratory birds have more or fewer parasites is unclear. To help address these knowledge gaps, we collaborated with airports, animal rescue/rehabilitation centers, and hunter check stations in the San Francisco Bay Area of California to collect 57 raptors, egrets, herons, ducks, and other waterfowl for parasitological analysis. Following dissections of the gastro-intestinal tract of each host, we identified 64 taxa of parasites: 5 acanthocephalans, 24 nematodes, 8 cestodes, and 27 trematodes. We then used a generalized linear mixed model to determine how life history traits influenced parasite richness among bird hosts, while controlling for host phylogeny. Parasite richness was greater in birds that were migratory with larger clutch sizes and lower in birds that were herbivorous. The effects of clutch size and diet are consistent with previous studies and have been linked to immune function and parasite exposure, respectively, whereas the effect of migration supports the hypothesis of ‘migratory exposure’ rather than that of ‘migratory escape’.
机译：寄主的生活史特征通常通过影响寄生虫暴露的可能性或暴露后感染的可能性来影响寄生虫感染的方式。尽管尚不清楚候鸟是否具有更多或更少的寄生虫，但已表明候鸟的行为会影响寄主中寄生虫的组成和数量。为了帮助解决这些知识差距，我们与加利福尼亚州旧金山湾区的机场，动物救援/康复中心以及猎人检查站合作，收集了57只猛禽，白鹭，苍鹭，鸭子和其他水禽进行寄生虫分析。在解剖每个宿主的胃肠道之后，我们鉴定出了64种寄生虫类群：5种棘头动物，24个线虫，8个虫和27个吸虫。然后，我们使用广义线性混合模型来确定生活史特征如何影响鸟类寄主中的寄生虫丰富度，同时控制寄主的系统发育。在具有较大离合器尺寸的候鸟中，寄生虫的丰富度较高，而在食草性鸟类中，寄生虫的丰富度较低。离合器的大小和饮食的影响与以前的研究一致，分别与免疫功能和寄生虫暴露有关，而迁移的影响则支持“迁移暴露”而不是“迁移逃逸”的假说。

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