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QMRAcatch: Microbial Quality Simulation of Water Resources including InfectionRisk Assessment

机译：QMRAcatch：包括感染在内的水资源的微生物质量模拟风险评估

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摘要

Given the complex hydrologic dynamics of water catchments and conflicts between nature protection and public water supply, models may help to understand catchment dynamics and evaluate contamination scenarios and may support best environmental practices and water safety management. A catchment model can be an educative tool for investigating water quality and for communication between parties with different interests in the catchment. This article introduces an interactive computational tool, QMRAcatch, that was developed to simulate concentrations in water resources of Escherichia coli, a human-associated Bacteroidetes microbial source tracking (MST) marker, enterovirus, norovirus, Campylobacter, and Cryptosporidium as target microorganisms and viruses (TMVs). The model domain encompasses a main river with wastewater discharges and a floodplain with a floodplain river. Diffuse agricultural sources of TMVs that discharge into the main river are not included in this stage of development. The floodplain river is fed by the main river and may flood the plain. Discharged TMVs in the river are subject to dilution and temperature-dependent degradation. River travel times are calculated using the Manning–Gauckler–Strickler formula. Fecal deposits from wildlife, birds, and visitors in the floodplain are resuspended in flood water, runoff to the floodplain river, or infiltrate groundwater. Fecal indicator and MST marker data facilitate calibration. Infectionrisks from exposure to the pathogenic TMVs by swimming or drinking water consumption arecalculated, and the required pathogen removal by treatment to meet a health-based qualitytarget can be determined. Applicability of QMRAcatch is demonstrated by calibrating the toolfor a study site at the River Danube near Vienna, Austria, using field TMV data, including asensitivity analysis and evaluation of the model outcomes.
机译：鉴于集水区复杂的水文动态以及自然保护与公共供水之间的冲突，模型可能有助于了解集水动态并评估污染情况，并可能支持最佳的环境实践和水安全管理。集水区模型可以是研究水质以及对集水区有不同兴趣的各方之间进行交流的一种教育工具。本文介绍了一种交互式计算工具QMRAcatch，其开发目的是模拟大肠杆菌，人类相关的拟杆菌属微生物源跟踪（MST）标记，肠病毒，诺如病毒，弯曲杆菌和隐孢子虫（作为目标微生物和病毒）在水资源中的浓度（ TMV）。模型域包括一条带废水排放的主河和一条带洪泛河的洪泛区。排放到主要河流中的TMV的多种农业来源不包括在此开发阶段中。漫滩河由主河支配，并可能淹没平原。河流中排放的TMV受到稀释和温度依赖性降解。河流旅行时间是使用曼宁-高克勒-斯特里克勒公式计算的。洪泛区中野生动植物，鸟类和游客的粪便沉积物会重新悬浮在洪水中，流入洪泛区河流或渗入地下水。粪便指示剂和MST标记数据有助于校准。感染游泳或饮水导致接触致病性TMV的风险是计算，以及通过治疗去除所需的病原体，以达到基于健康的质量目标可以确定。通过校准工具来证明QMRAcatch的适用性使用现场TMV数据在奥地利维也纳附近的多瑙河上的一个研究地点，包括敏感性分析和模型结果评估。

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