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Association Analysis of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers with Agronomic Traits in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

机译：高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb。）的简单序列重复（SSR）标记与农艺性状的关联分析

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摘要

Tall fescue is widely used in temperate regions throughout the world as a dominant forage grass as well as a turfgrass, in pastoral and turf industry. However, the utilization of tall fescue was limited because of its leaf roughness, poor regeneration ability and poor stress resistance. New cultivars were desirable in modern pastoral industries exceed the potential of existing cultivars. Therefore, well understanding the agronomic traits and describing germplasms would help to overcome these constraints, and morphological evaluation of tall fescue germplasm is the key component in selecting rational parents for hybridization breeding. However, describing the morphological traits of tall fescue germplasm is costly and time-consuming. Fortunately, biotechnology approaches can supplement conventional breeding efforts for tall fescue improvement. Association mapping, as a powerful approach to identify association between agronomic traits and molecular markers has been widely used for enhancing the utilization, conservation and management of the tall fescue germplasms. Therefore, in the present research, 115 tall fescue accessions from different origins (25 accessions are cultivars; 31 accessions from America; 32 accessions from European; 7 accessions from Africa; 20 accessions from Asia), were evaluated for agronomic traits and genetic diversity with 90 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The panel displayed significant variation in spike count per plant (SCP) and spike weight (SW). However, BCS performed the lowest CV among all the observed agronomic traits. Three subpopulations were identified within the collections but no obvious relative kinship (K) was found. The GLM model was used to describe the association between SSR and agronomic traits. Fifty-one SSR markers associated with agronomic traits were observed. Twelve single-associated markers were associated with PH; six single-associated markers were associated with BCS; eight single-associated markers were associated with SW; five single-associated markers were associated with SC; seven single-associated markers were associated with SCP; three single-associated markers were associated with SL. Especially, we observed that the genetic variation of SW was explained 11.6 % by M37 marker. It is interesting to observe that nine markers (M1, M2, M35, M54 marker was associated with both BCS and SC; M3, M4 markers were associated with BCS, SW, and SC; M19 marker was associated with both pH and PD, M40 marker was associated with both SCP and SW; and M193 marker was associated with both PH and SL) were associated with more than two agronomic traits. Notably, Branch count per spike (BCS) was explained by four markers (M1, M2, M3, and M4) exceeding 10 %. These identified marker alleles associated with agronomic traits could provide important information and markers for molecular-assisted breeding that facilitate the breeding process in tall fescue.
机译：高羊茅草在牧草和草皮工业中被广泛用作温草地区的主要牧草和草皮草。然而，由于羊茅的叶片粗糙，再生能力差和抗逆性差，因此其利用受到限制。在现代牧业中，人们希望新品种超越现有品种的潜力。因此，充分了解农艺性状并描述种质将有助于克服这些限制，高羊茅种质的形态学评估是选择合理的亲本进行杂交育种的关键组成部分。然而，描述高羊茅种质的形态特征既昂贵又费时。幸运的是，生物技术方法可以补充常规育种工作，以提高羊茅的产量。关联作图法作为一种鉴定农艺性状与分子标记之间关联的有力方法，已被广泛用于增强高羊茅种质的利用，保存和管理。因此，在本研究中，对115个不同来源的高羊茅种质进行了农艺性状和遗传多样性的评估，这些种质来自不同品种（25个种质；美国31个；欧洲32个；非洲7个；亚洲20个）。 90个简单序列重复（SSR）标记。面板显示每株穗数（SCP）和穗重（SW）的显着变化。但是，在所有观察到的农艺性状中，BCS的CV最低。在收集物中鉴定出三个亚群，但未发现明显的相对亲属（K）。 GLM模型用于描述SSR与农艺性状之间的关联。观察到51个与农艺性状相关的SSR标记。 12个单相关标记与PH相关。六个单相关标记与BCS相关；八个与单因素相关的标志物与SW相关； 5个单相关标记与SC相关；七个与单项相关的标志物与SCP相关；三个单相关标记与SL相关。特别地，我们观察到SW的遗传变异被M37标记解释为11.6％。有趣的是，观察到9个标记（M1，M2，M35，M54标记与BCS和SC都相关； M3，M4标记与BCS，SW和SC都相关； M19标记与pH和PD都相关，M40标记与SCP和SW都相关； M193标记与PH和SL都相关）与两个以上的农艺性状相关。值得注意的是，每个峰值的分支计数（BCS）由四个标记（M1，M2，M3和M4）超过10％来解释。这些与农艺性状相关的标记等位基因可以为分子辅助育种提供重要信息和标记，从而有助于高羊茅的育种过程。

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