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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Spore-Forming Thermophilic Bacterium within Artificial Meteorite Survives Entry into the Earths Atmosphere on FOTON-M4 Satellite Landing Module
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Spore-Forming Thermophilic Bacterium within Artificial Meteorite Survives Entry into the Earths Atmosphere on FOTON-M4 Satellite Landing Module

机译：人造陨石中形成孢子的嗜热细菌幸免进入FOTON-M4卫星着陆舱进入地球大气层

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One of the key conditions of the lithopanspermia hypothesis is that microorganisms situated within meteorites could survive hypervelocity entry from space through the Earth’s atmosphere. So far, all experimental proof of this possibility has been based on tests with sounding rockets which do not reach the transit velocities of natural meteorites. We explored the survival of the spore-forming thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus, placed within 1.4-cm thick basalt discs fixed on the exterior of a space capsule (the METEORITE experiment on the FOTON-M4 satellite). After 45 days of orbital flight, the landing module of the space vehicle returned to Earth. The temperature during the atmospheric transit was high enough to melt the surface of basalt. T. siderophilus survived the entry; viable cells were recovered from 4 of 24 wells loaded with this microorganism. The identity of the strain was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence and physiological tests. This is the first report on the survival of a lifeform within an artificial meteorite after entry from space orbit through Earth’s atmosphere at a velocity that closely approached the velocities of natural meteorites. The characteristics of the artificial meteorite and the living object applied in this study can serve as positive controls in further experiments on testing of different organisms and conditions of interplanetary transport.
机译：紫精症假说的关键条件之一是，陨石中的微生物可以幸免于超高速从太空进入地球大气层的进入。到目前为止，所有这种可能性的实验证明都是基于对探空火箭的测试，而这些探空火箭没有达到天然陨石的运输速度。我们探索了形成孢子的嗜热厌氧细菌嗜热厌氧菌嗜铁细菌的存活情况，该嗜热厌氧细菌嗜铁厌氧菌放置在固定在太空舱外部的1.4厘米厚的玄武岩圆盘中（FOTON-M4卫星上的METEORITE实验）。轨道飞行45天后，航天器的着陆舱返回地球。大气传输过程中的温度高到足以熔化玄武岩的表面。 T. siderophilus在进入后存活下来；从装有该微生物的24个孔中的4个中回收活细胞。通过16S rRNA基因序列和生理测试证实了该菌株的身份。这是第一份关于人造陨石在从太空轨道以接近自然陨石速度的速度从太空轨道进入后的生存形式的生存的报告。这项研究中使用的人造陨石和生物物体的特性可以作为进一步测试不同生物和行星际运输条件的实验的阳性对照。

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