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首页> 外文期刊>Astrobiology >Bacillus subtilis Spores on Artificial Meteorites Survive Hypervelocity Atmospheric Entry: Implications for Lithopanspermia
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Bacillus subtilis Spores on Artificial Meteorites Survive Hypervelocity Atmospheric Entry: Implications for Lithopanspermia

机译：人工陨石上的枯草芽孢杆菌孢子能维持超高速大气进入：对脂溢性精子的影响

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摘要

An important but untested aspect of the lithopanspermia hypothesis is that microbes situated on or within meteorites could survive hypervelocity entry from space through Earth's atmosphere. The use of high-altitude sounding rockets to test this notion was explored. Granite samples permeated with spores of Bacillus subtilis strain WN511 were attached to the exterior telemetry module of a sounding rocket and launched from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico into space, reaching maximum atmospheric entry velocity of 1.2 km/s. Maximum recorded temperature during the flight was measured at 145℃. The surfaces of the post-flight granite samples were swabbed and tested for recovery and survival of WN511 spores, using genetic markers and the unique DNA fingerprint of WN511 as recovery criteria. Spore survivors were isolated at high frequency, ranging from 1.2% to 4.4% compared with ground controls, from all surfaces except the forward-facing surface. Sporulation-defective mutants were noted among the spaceflight survivors at high frequency (4%). These experiments constitute the first report of spore survival to hypervelocity atmospheric transit, and indicate that sounding rocket flights can be used to model the high-speed atmospheric entry of bacteria-laden artificial meteorites.
机译：紫精症假说的一个重要但未经检验的方面是，位于陨石上或陨石内部的微生物可以幸免于超高速从太空通过地球大气层进入。探索了使用高空探空火箭来测试这一概念。将浸有枯草芽孢杆菌WN511菌株孢子的花岗岩样品附着到探空火箭的外部遥测模块上，并从新墨西哥州的白沙导弹靶场发射到太空，最大大气进入速度为1.2 km / s。飞行中记录的最高温度为145℃。使用遗传标记和WN511的独特DNA指纹作为恢复标准，擦洗飞行后花岗岩样品的表面并测试WN511孢子的恢复和存活。除朝前表面外，所有表面上的孢子幸存者均以高频隔离，与地面对照相比，隔离范围为1.2％至4.4％。在航天飞行幸存者中以高频率（4％）注意到孢子缺陷型突变体。这些实验构成了孢子存活到超高速大气传输的第一份报告，并表明探空火箭飞行可用于模拟载有细菌的人造陨石的高速大气进入。

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