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Biogeography of Anurans from the Poorly Known and Threatened Coastal Sandplains of Eastern Brazil

机译：来自巴西东部鲜为人知且受到威胁的沿海沙洲上无脊椎动物的生物地理学

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摘要

The east coast of Brazil comprises an extensive area inserted in the Tropical Atlantic Domain and is represented by sandy plains of beach ridges commonly known as Restingas. The coastal environments are unique and house a rich amphibian fauna, the geographical distribution patterns of which are incipient. Biogeographical studies can explain the current distributional patterns and provide the identification of natural biogeographical units. These areas are important in elucidating the evolutionary history of the taxa and the areas where they occur. The aim of this study was to seek natural biogeographical units in the Brazilian sandy plains of beach ridges by means of distribution data of amphibians and to test the main predictions of the vicariance model to explain the patterns found. We revised and georeferenced data on the geographical distribution of 63 anuran species. We performed a search for latitudinal distribution patterns along the sandy coastal plains of Brazil using the non-metric multidimensional scaling method (NMDS) and the biotic element analysis to identify natural biogeographical units. The results showed a monotonic variation in anuran species composition along the latitudinal gradient with a break in the clinal pattern from 23°S to 25°S latitude (states of Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo). The major predictions of the vicariance model were corroborated by the detection of four biotic elements with significantly clustered distribution and by the presence of congeneric species distributed in distinct biotic elements. The results support the hypothesis that vicariance could be one of the factors responsible for the distribution patterns of the anuran communities along the sandy coastal plains of eastern Brazil. The results of the clusters are also congruent with the predictions of paleoclimatic models made for the Last Glacial Maximum of the Pleistocene, such as the presence of historical forest refugia and biogeographical patterns already detected for amphibians in the Atlantic Rainforest.
机译：巴西的东海岸包括一个插入热带大西洋地区的广阔区域，以沙滩脊的沙质平原为代表，通常被称为Restingas。沿海环境独特，拥有丰富的两栖动物，其地理分布格局尚处于起步阶段。生物地理学研究可以解释当前的分布格局，并提供自然生物地理学单位的识别。这些区域对于阐明分类单元及其发生区域的进化历史很重要。这项研究的目的是通过两栖动物的分布数据来寻找巴西坎迪沙质平原的自然生物地理单位，并测试运势模型的主要预测以解释所发现的模式。我们对63种无脊椎动物的地理分布数据进行了修订和地理参考。我们使用非度量多维标度法（NMDS）和生物元素分析来识别巴西自然沿海地区的沿海多沙平原地区的纬度分布模式。结果表明，沿纬度梯度，无色菌物种组成呈单调变化，从23°S到25°S（里约热内卢州至圣保罗州）的斜面模式出现断裂。通过检测具有明显聚集分布的四种生物元素以及存在于不同生物元素中的同类物种，证实了对变异性模型的主要预测。结果支持这样的假设，即变异可能是导致巴西东部沙质沿海平原无脊椎动物群落分布模式的原因之一。这些簇的结果也与对更新世的最后一次冰期最大的古气候模型的预测相吻合，例如存在历史森林保护区和已经在大西洋雨林中检测到两栖动物的生物地理模式。

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