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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Host Plants Affect the Foraging Success of Two Parasitoids that Attack Light Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
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Host Plants Affect the Foraging Success of Two Parasitoids that Attack Light Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

机译：寄主植物影响两种寄生虫的觅食成功这些寄生虫会攻击浅棕色苹果蛾Epi蛾（步行者）（鳞翅目：Tor科）

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The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana is a key pest of wine grapes in Australia. Two parasitoids, Dolichogenidea tasmanica and Therophilus unimaculatus, attack the larval stage of this pest. D. tasmanica is dominant in vineyards, whereas T. unimaculatus is mainly active in native vegetation. We sought to understand why they differ in their use of habitats. Plants are a major component of habitats of parasitoids, and herbivore-infested plants influence parasitoid foraging efficiency by their architecture and emission of volatile chemicals. We investigated how different plant species infested by E. postvittana could affect the foraging success of the two parasitoid species in both laboratory and field experiments. Four common host-plant species were selected for this study. In paired-choice experiments to determine the innate foraging preferences for plants, both parasitoid species showed differences in innate search preferences among plant species. The plant preference of D. tasmanica was altered by oviposition experience with hosts that were feeding on other plant species. In a behavioral assay, the two parasitoid species allocated their times engaged in various types of behavior differently when foraging on different plant species. For both parasitoids, parasitism on Hardenbergia violacea was the highest of the four plant species. Significantly more larvae dropped from Myoporum insulare when attacked than from the other three host-plant species, which indicates that parasitism is also affected by interactions between plants and host insects. In vineyards, parasitism by D. tasmanica was significantly lower on M. insulare than on the other three host-plant species, but the parasitism rates were similar among the other three plant species. Our results indicate that plants play a role in the habitat preferences of these two parasitoid species by influencing their foraging behavior, and are likely to contribute to their distributions among habitats.
机译：浅褐色的苹果蛾Epiphyas postvittana是澳大利亚酿酒葡萄的主要害虫。两种寄生虫，即塔氏毛虫（Dolichogenidea tasmanica）和独角线虫（Therophilus unimaculatus）会侵袭这种害虫的幼虫期。塔斯马尼亚D. tasmanica在葡萄园中占主导地位，而unimaculatus T.主要在原生植被中活跃。我们试图了解它们为何在生境使用方面有所不同。植物是类寄生生物栖息地的主要组成部分，而食草动物侵染的植物通过其结构和挥发性化学物质的排放影响类寄生动物的觅食效率。我们调查了在实验室和田间试验中，不同的植物物种受E. postvittana侵染如何影响两种寄生虫物种的觅食成功。本研究选择了四种常见的寄主植物。在确定植物的先天觅食偏好的成对选择实验中，两种拟寄生物物种都显示出植物物种之间先天搜索偏好的差异。 tasmanica D. tasmanica的植物偏好因以其他植物为食的寄主的产卵经验而改变。在行为分析中，当在不同植物物种上觅食时，这两种寄生虫物种分配的时间不同地参与了各种行为。对于这两种寄生虫，紫花硬毛病的寄生率在四种植物中最高。受到攻击时，来自岛爪哇的幼虫掉落的幼虫明显多于其他三种寄主植物种类，这表明寄生虫也受植物和寄主昆虫之间相互作用的影响。在葡萄园中，塔斯马尼卡D. tasmanica的寄生率明显低于其他三种寄主植物物种，但其他三种植物的寄生率相似。我们的结果表明，植物通过影响它们的觅食行为而在这两个寄生虫物种的生境偏好中起作用，并且可能有助于它们在生境之间的分布。

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