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Molecular and Quantitative Genetic Differentiation in Sitobion avenae Populations from Both Sides of the Qinling Mountains

机译：秦岭两岸西伯利亚文蛤种群的分子和数量遗传分化

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Quantitative trait differences are often assumed to be correlated with molecular variation, but the relationship is not certain, and empirical evidence is still scarce. To address this issue, we sampled six populations of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae from areas north and south of the Qinling Mountains, and characterized their molecular variation at seven microsatellite loci and quantitative variation at nine life-history traits. Our results demonstrated that southern populations had slightly longer developmental times of nymphs but much higher lifetime fecundity, compared to northern populations. Of the nine tested quantitative characters, eight differed significantly among populations within regions, as well as between northern and southern regions. Genetic differentiation in neutral markers was likely to have been caused by founder events and drift. Increased subdivision for quantitative characters was found in northern populations, but reduced in southern populations. This phenomenon was not found for molecular characters, suggesting the decoupling between molecular and quantitative variation. The pattern of relationships between FST and QST indicated divergent selection and suggested that local adaptation play a role in the differentiation of life-history traits in tested S. avenae populations, particularly in those traits closely related to reproduction. The main role of natural selection over genetic drift was also supported by strong structural differences in G-matrices among S. avenae populations. However, cluster analyses did not result in two groups corresponding to northern and southern regions. Genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations in neutral markers was low, indicating considerable gene flow between them. The relationship between molecular and quantitative variation, as well as its implications for differentiation and evolution of S. avenae populations, was discussed.
机译：通常认为数量性状差异与分子变异有关，但这种关系尚不确定，而且仍缺乏经验证据。为了解决这个问题，我们从秦岭北部和南部地区采样了六种谷类蚜虫Sitobion avenae的种群，并在七个微卫星基因座处表征了它们的分子变异，并在九个生命历史特征上对其进行了定量变异。我们的结果表明，与北部种群相比，南部种群的若虫发育时间略长，但终生繁殖力高得多。在测试的九个定量特征中，八个在区域内以及北部和南部区域之间的人群之间存在显着差异。中性标记的遗传分化可能是由创始人事件和漂泊引起的。在北部人群中，定量特征的细分增加，而在南部人群中，数量减少。分子特征未发现此现象，表明分子和定量变化之间存在脱钩。 FST和QST之间的关系模式表明选择存在差异，并表明局部适应在被测试的金黄色葡萄球菌种群的生命历史特征的分化中起作用，特别是在那些与繁殖密切相关的特征中。天然选择对遗传漂移的主要作用还得到了燕麦链霉菌种群之间G矩阵的强烈结构差异的支持。但是，聚类分析未得出对应于北部和南部地区的两组。在中性标记物中，北部和南部种群之间的遗传分化很低，表明它们之间存在大量的基因流动。讨论了分子变异与数量变异之间的关系，及其对燕麦链霉菌种群分化和进化的影响。

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