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A Case-Control Study to Identify Risk Factors Associated with Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 on Commercial Poultry Farms in Pakistan

机译：病例对照研究以确定巴基斯坦商业家禽养殖场与H9N2亚型禽流感相关的危险因素

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摘要

A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for avian influenza subtype H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in 16 districts of Punjab, and 1 administrative unit of Pakistan. One hundred and thirty-three laboratory confirmed positive case farms were matched on the date of sample submission with 133 negative control farms. The association between a series of farm-level characteristics and the presence or absence of H9N2 was assessed by univariable analysis. Characteristics associated with H9N2 risk that passed the initial screening were included in a multivariable conditional logistic regression model. Manual and automated approaches were used, which produced similar models. Key risk factors from all approaches included selling of eggs/birds directly to live bird retail stalls, being near case/infected farms, a previous history of infectious bursal disease (IBD) on the farm and having cover on the water storage tanks. The findings of current study are in line with results of many other studies conducted in various countries to identify similar risk factors for AI subtype H9N2 infection. Enhancing protective measures and controlling risks identified in this study could reduce spread of AI subtype H9N2 and other AI viruses between poultry farms in Pakistan.
机译：进行了1：1匹配的病例对照研究，以确定旁遮普邦16个地区和巴基斯坦1个行政单位的商业家禽场中H9N2亚型禽流感感染的危险因素。 133个实验室确认的阳性病例农场在样品提交之日与133个阴性对照农场相匹配。通过单变量分析评估了一系列农场水平特征与H9N2存在与否之间的关联。通过初步筛选的与H9N2风险相关的特征包括在多变量条件逻辑回归模型中。使用了手动和自动方法，产生了相似的模型。来自所有方法的主要风险因素包括：直接将鸡蛋/禽类出售给活禽零售摊位，靠近病房/受感染的农场，该农场先前有传染性法氏囊病（IBD）的历史以及储水箱上有盖。当前研究的结果与在其他国家进行的许多其他研究的结果一致，这些研究旨在确定AI亚型H9N2感染的相似危险因素。加强本研究中确定的保护措施和控制风险，可以减少H9N2亚型AI病毒和其他AI病毒在巴基斯坦家禽养殖场之间的传播。

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