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Monitoring Radiofrequency Ablation Using Real-Time Ultrasound Nakagami Imaging Combined with Frequency and Temporal Compounding Techniques

机译：使用实时超声Nakagami成像结合频率和时间复合技术监测射频消融

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摘要

Gas bubbles induced during the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of tissues can affect the detection of ablation zones (necrosis zone or thermal lesion) during ultrasound elastography. To resolve this problem, our previous study proposed ultrasound Nakagami imaging for detecting thermal-induced bubble formation to evaluate ablation zones. To prepare for future applications, this study (i) created a novel algorithmic scheme based on the frequency and temporal compounding of Nakagami imaging for enhanced ablation zone visualization, (ii) integrated the proposed algorithm into a clinical scanner to develop a real-time Nakagami imaging system for monitoring RFA, and (iii) investigated the applicability of Nakagami imaging to various types of tissues. The performance of the real-time Nakagami imaging system in visualizing RFA-induced ablation zones was validated by measuring porcine liver (n = 18) and muscle tissues (n = 6). The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can operate on a standard clinical ultrasound scanner to monitor RFA in real time. The Nakagami imaging system effectively monitors RFA-induced ablation zones in liver tissues. However, because tissue properties differ, the system cannot visualize ablation zones in muscle fibers. In the future, real-time Nakagami imaging should be focused on the RFA of the liver and is suggested as an alternative monitoring tool when advanced elastography is unavailable or substantial bubbles exist in the ablation zone.
机译：组织的射频消融（RFA）期间产生的气泡会影响超声弹性成像过程中消融区（坏死区或热损伤）的检测。为了解决这个问题，我们先前的研究提出了超声Nakagami成像技术，用于检测热诱导的气泡形成，以评估消融区域。为了为将来的应用做准备，这项研究（i）基于Nakagami成像的频率和时间复合创建了一种新颖的算法方案，以增强消融区的可视化；（ii）将提出的算法集成到临床扫描仪中以开发实时Nakagami用于监视RFA的成像系统，以及（iii）研究了Nakagami成像对各种类型组织的适用性。通过测量猪肝脏（n = 18）和肌肉组织（n = 6）验证了实时Nakagami成像系统在可视化RFA诱导的消融区域中的性能。实验结果表明，该算法可以在标准的临床超声扫描仪上运行，实时监测RFA。 Nakagami成像系统可有效监视RFA诱导的肝组织消融区。但是，由于组织特性不同，该系统无法可视化肌肉纤维中的消融区域。将来，实时Nakagami成像应集中在肝脏的RFA上，并建议在无法使用高级弹性成像或消融区域中存在大量气泡的情况下，将其作为替代监测工具。

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