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Serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) among selected populations of children and Adults in California

机译：加利福尼亚特定儿童和成年人口中全氟化合物（PFC）的血清浓度

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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial applications and consumer products. Their persistent nature and potential health impacts are of concern. Given the high cost of collecting serum samples, this study is to understand whether we can quantify PFC serum concentrations using factors extracted from questionnaire responses and indirect measurements, and whether a single serum measurement can be used to classify an individual’s exposure over a one-year period. The study population included three demographic groups: young children (2–8 years old) (N=67), parents of young children (<55 years old) (N=90), and older adults (>55 years old) (N=59). PFC serum concentrations, house dust concentrations, and questionnaires were collected. The geometric mean of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was highest for the older adults. In contrast, the geometric mean of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was highest for children. Serum concentrations of the parent and the child from the same family were moderately correlated (Spearman correlation (r)=0.26–0.79, p<0.05), indicating common sources within a family. For adults, age, having occupational exposure or having used fire extinguisher, frequencies of consuming butter/margarine, pork, canned meat entrées, tuna and white fish, freshwater fish, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of individual PFCs. For children, residential dust concentrations, frequency of wearing waterproof clothes, frequency of having canned fish, hotdogs, chicken nuggets, French fries, and chips, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significant positive predictors of individual PFC serum concentrations. In addition, the serum concentrations collected in a subset of young children (N=20) and the parents (N=42) one year later were strongly correlated (r=0.68–0.98, p<0.001) with the levels measured at the first visits, but showed a decreasing trend. Children had moderate correlation (r=0.43) between serum and dust concentrations of PFOS, indicating indoor sources contribute to exposure. In conclusion, besides food intake, occupational exposure, consumer product use, and exposure to residential dust contribute to PFC exposure. The downward temporal trend of serum concentrations reflects the reduction of PFCs use in recent years while the year-to-year correlation indicates that a single serum measurement could be an estimate of exposure relative to the population for a one-year period in epidemiology studies.
机译：全氟化合物（PFC）已广泛用于工业应用和消费产品中。它们的持久性和潜在的健康影响值得关注。鉴于收集血清样品的高昂成本，本研究旨在了解我们是否可以使用从问卷调查问卷答复和间接测量中提取的因子来量化PFC血清浓度，以及是否可以使用一次血清测量来对一个人一年的暴露量进行分类期。研究人群包括三个人口群体：幼儿（2-8岁）（N = 67），幼儿（<55岁）的父母（N = 90）和老年人（> 55岁）（N = 59）。收集PFC血清浓度，房屋灰尘浓度和问卷。老年人的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的几何平均值最高。相反，儿童的全氟辛酸（PFOA）的几何平均值最高。同一家庭的父母和孩子的血清浓度呈中等程度的相关性（Spearman相关性（r）= 0.26-0.79，p <0.05），表明一个家庭中的共同来源。对于成年人，年龄，有职业接触或使用过灭火器，食用黄油/人造黄油，猪肉，肉类罐头食品，金枪鱼和白鱼，淡水鱼的频率以及是否食用微波爆米花与个体血清浓度呈显着正相关PFC。对于儿童而言，住宅灰尘浓度，穿防水服的频率，罐装鱼，热狗，鸡块，炸薯条和薯条的频率以及是否食用微波爆米花是各个PFC血清浓度的重要积极预测因素。此外，一年后在一个小儿童组（N = 20）和父母（N = 42）中收集的血清浓度与第一次检测的水平高度相关（r = 0.68–0.98，p <0.001）。访问，但呈下降趋势。儿童的血清和粉尘中全氟辛烷磺酸浓度之间具有中等相关性（r = 0.43），表明室内来源导致了接触。总之，除食物摄入外，职业接触，消费产品使用和住宅灰尘接触也导致PFC接触。血清浓度的时间趋势呈下降趋势，反映了近几年全氟辛烷磺酸的使用量减少，而按年的相关性表明，在流行病学研究中，单一的血清测量值可能是相对于人群的一年期暴露量的估计值。

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