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Emotional and Physiological Desensitization to Real-Life and Movie Violence

机译：对现实生活和电影暴力的情感和生理脱敏

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Youth are exposed to large amounts of violence in real life and media, which may lead to desensitization. Given evidence of curvilinear associations between exposure to violence and emotional distress, we examined linear and curvilinear associations of exposure to real-life and movie violence with PTSD symptoms, empathy, and physiological arousal, as well emotional and physiological reactivity to movie violence. College students (N=209; mean age=18.74) reported on their exposure to real-life and televised violence, PTSD symptoms, and empathy. Then, students were randomly assigned to view a series of violent or nonviolent high-action movie scenes, providing ratings of emotional distress after each clip. Blood pressure was measured at rest and during video viewing. Results showed that with increasing exposure to real-life violence, youth reported more PTSD symptoms and greater identification with fictional characters. Cognitive and emotional empathy increased from low to medium levels of exposure to violence, but declined at higher levels. For males, exposure to higher levels of real-life violence was associated with diminishing (vs. increasing) emotional distress when viewing violent videos. Exposure to televised violence was generally unrelated to emotional functioning. However, those with medium levels of exposure to TV/movie violence experienced lower elevations of blood pressure when viewing violent videos compared to those with low exposure, and those with higher levels of exposure evidenced rapid increase in blood pressure that quickly declined over time. The results point to diminished empathy and reduced emotional reactivity to violence as key aspects of desensitization to real-life violence, and more limited evidence of physiological desensitization to movie violence among those exposed to high levels of televised violence.
机译：青年在现实生活和媒体中会遭受大量暴力侵害，这可能导致脱敏。给定暴露于暴力和情绪困扰之间的曲线关联的证据，我们研究了暴露于现实生活和电影暴力与PTSD症状，同理心和生理唤醒以及对电影暴力的情感和生理反应性之间的线性和曲线联系。大学生（N = 209；平均年龄= 18.74）报告了他们面对现实生活和电视暴力，PTSD症状和同理心的情况。然后，将学生随机分配到观看一系列暴力或非暴力的高动作电影场景，并在每个剪辑后提供情绪困扰的等级。在休息和观看视频期间测量血压。结果表明，随着越来越多的人暴露于现实生活中的暴力中，青年报告了更多的PTSD症状和对虚构人物的认同。认知和情感共情从低度到中等程度的暴力增加，但在高水平下有所下降。对于男性而言，在观看暴力视频时，暴露于较高水平的真实生活中的暴力与情绪困扰的减少（相对于增加）有关。暴露于电视暴力通常与情绪功能无关。然而，与低暴露水平的人群相比，中等程度暴露于电视/电影暴力的人群观看暴力视频时的血压升高程度较低，而那些较高暴露水平的人群证明血压会迅速升高，并随时间迅速下降。结果表明，移情和对暴力的情感反应减少，这是对现实生活中的暴力行为不敏感的重要方面，而在电视暴力程度较高的人群中，对电影暴力发生生理性脱敏的证据更加有限。

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