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Ecdysis behaviors and circadian rhythm of ecdysis in the stick insect Carausius morosus

机译：棒虫（Carausius morosus）的蜕皮行为及蜕皮的昼夜节律

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摘要

Successful ecdysis in insects depends on proper timing and sequential activation of an elaborate series of motor programs driven by a relatively conserved network of neuropeptides. The behaviors must be activated at the appropriate times to ensure successful loosening and shedding of the old cuticle, and can be influenced by environmental cues in the form of immediate sensory feedback and by circadian rhythms. We assessed the behaviors, components of the neural network and the circadian basis of ecdysis in the stick insect, Carausius morosus. C. morosus showed many of the characteristic pre-ecdysis and ecdysis behaviors previously described in crickets and locusts. Ecdysis was described in three phases, namely the (i) preparatory or pre-ecdysis phase, (ii) the ecdysial phase, and (iii) the post-ecdysis or exuvial phase. The frequencies of pushups and sways during the preparatory phase were quantified as well as durations of all the phases. The regulation of ecdysis appeared to act via elevation of cGMP, as described in many other insects, although eclosion hormone-like immunoreactivity was not noted using a lepidopteran antiserum. Finally, C. morosus showed a circadian rhythm to the onset of ecdysis, with ecdysis occurring just prior or at lights on. Ecdysis could be induced precociously with mechanical stimulation.
机译：昆虫的成功蜕皮取决于适当时机和一系列精心制作的运动程序的适当激活，这些运动程序由相对保守的神经肽网络驱动。必须在适当的时间激活行为，以确保旧表皮的成功松弛和脱落，并且可能受到即时提示反馈和昼夜节律形式的环境提示的影响。我们评估了粘虫（Carausius morosus）的行为，神经网络的组成和蜕变的昼夜节律基础。 C. morosus表现出许多以前在和蝗虫中描述过的特征性的蜕皮前和蜕皮行为。蜕皮分为三个阶段，即（i）准备阶段或蜕皮前阶段，（ii）蜕皮阶段，以及（iii）蜕皮后阶段或湿润期。量化准备阶段俯卧撑和摇摆的频率以及所有阶段的持续时间。蜕皮病的调节似乎是通过cGMP的升高来起作用的，正如许多其他昆虫所描述的，尽管使用鳞翅目抗血清未发现与促分泌激素类似的免疫反应性。最终，桑蚕表现出昼夜节律，开始出现蜕皮，而蜕皮发生在开光之前或亮起时。通过机械刺激可以早熟地诱发蜕皮病。

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