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Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair

机译：蚕丝微纤维增强蚕丝水凝胶复合材料用于功能性软骨组织修复

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Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue–scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. In this study, silk fiber–hydrogel composites (SF–silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber–hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF–silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard.
机译：软骨组织由于基质更新缓慢，成熟软骨细胞供应有限以及脉管系统不足而缺乏自我再生的内在能力。尽管使用琼脂糖作为支架材料进行软骨组织工程已经取得了一些成功，但是基于琼脂糖的软骨修复的主要挑战（包括不可降解性，组织支架整合性差和加工能力有限）促使人们寻求替代生物材料。在这项研究中，研究了由丝绸微纤维和丝绸水凝胶制成的丝绸纤维-水凝胶复合材料（SF-丝绸水凝胶）作为工程软骨支持材料的潜在用途。我们证明了使用100％丝基纤维-水凝胶复合支架开发具有与琼脂糖相似性能的软骨构造。通过使用来自Bombyx mori的生物相容性，可生物降解的丝素蛋白模拟胶原蛋白纤维和天然软骨的蛋白聚糖复合结构，来制造在天然组织范围内具有平衡模量的软骨构建体。在SF-丝绸水凝胶上观察到了优异的软骨细胞反应，与单独的丝绸水凝胶相比，纤维增强导致培养42天后机械强度更高的结构的发展。因此，我们证明了丝素蛋白作为用于软骨组织修复的复合脚手架材料的多功能性，以创建克服了琼脂糖生物材料局限性的功能性软骨构造，并提供了急需的替代琼脂糖标准品。

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