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Effects of Bilingualism and Aging on Executive Function and Working Memory

机译:双语和老龄化对执行功能和工作记忆的影响

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摘要

Two studies are reported in which younger and older monolingual and bilingual adults performed executive function tasks. In Study 1, 130 participants performed a Stroop task and bilinguals in both age groups showed less interference than monolinguals with a greater benefit for older adults. In Study 2, 108 participants performed a complex working memory task based on verbal or nonverbal stimuli. Bilinguals showed less interference than monolinguals, with a larger bilingual advantage in the older adult group and in the nonverbal task. Together, these results show that bilingual advantages in executive function depend on characteristics of the participants and features of the tasks, with larger effects found for older than younger adults and for complex tasks using nonverbal material.
机译:据报道,两项研究中,较年轻和较年长的单语和双语成年人执行执行功能任务。在研究1中,有130名参与者执行了Stroop任务,并且两个年龄段的双语人员所表现出的干扰都比单语群体要少,对老年人的益处更大。在研究2中,有108名参与者根据言语或非言语刺激执行了复杂的工作记忆任务。双语者比单语者表现出更少的干扰,在老年人群和非语言任务中具有更大的双语者优势。总之,这些结果表明,执行功能的双语优势取决于参与者的特征和任务的特征,对于年长者和年轻人以及使用非语言材料的复杂任务,其效果更大。

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