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The Emergent Executive: A Dynamic Field Theory of the Development of Executive Function

机译:紧急执行者:执行功能发展的动态场论

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摘要

A dynamic neural field (DNF) model is presented which provides a process-based account of behavior and developmental change in a key task used to probe the early development of executive function—the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task. In the DCCS, children must flexibly switch from sorting cards either by shape or color to sorting by the other dimension. Typically, 3-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, lack the flexibility to do so and perseverate on the first set of rules when instructed to switch. In the DNF model, rule-use and behavioral flexibility come about through a form of dimensional attention which modulates activity within different cortical fields tuned to specific feature dimensions. In particular, we capture developmental change by increasing the strength of excitatory and inhibitory neural interactions in the dimensional attention system as well as refining the connectivity between this system and the feature-specific cortical fields. Note that although this enables the model to effectively switch tasks, the dimensional attention system does not ‘know’ the details of task-specific performance. Rather, correct performance emerges as a property of system-wide neural interactions. We show how this captures children's behavior in quantitative detail across 12 versions of the DCCS task. Moreover, we successfully test a set of novel predictions with 3-year-old children from a version of the task not explained by other theories.
机译:提出了一个动态神经场(DNF)模型,该模型提供了一个基于过程的行为和发展变化的帐户,用于探测执行功能的早期开发的关键任务-尺寸变更卡排序(DCCS)任务。在DCCS中,儿童必须灵活地从按形状或颜色分类的卡片切换为按其他维度分类的卡片。通常,三岁的孩子而不是四岁的孩子缺乏这样做的灵活性,并且在被指示切换时坚持第一组规则。在DNF模型中,规则使用和行为灵活性是通过尺寸注意的形式实现的,这种尺寸注意可以调节调整到特定特征尺寸的不同皮质区域内的活动。特别是,我们通过增加维度注意系统中的兴奋性和抑制性神经相互作用的强度以及完善该系统与特定于功能的皮层视野之间的连通性来捕获发展变化。请注意,尽管这可以使模型有效地切换任务,但是维度注意系统并不会“知道”特定于任务的性能的细节。而是,正确的性能作为系统范围的神经交互作用的属性而出现。我们将展示如何在12个版本的DCCS任务中定量捕获儿童的行为。此外,我们成功完成了针对3岁儿童的一系列新颖预测,这些预测来自其他理论未解释的任务版本。

著录项

  • 期刊名称 other
  • 作者

    Aaron T. Buss; John P. Spencer;

  • 作者单位
  • 年(卷),期 -1(79),2
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 vii–103
  • 总页数 82
  • 原文格式 PDF
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