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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Assessing the Contribution of Marine Protected Areas to the Trophic Functioning of Ecosystems: A Model for the Banc d’Arguin and the Mauritanian Shelf
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Assessing the Contribution of Marine Protected Areas to the Trophic Functioning of Ecosystems: A Model for the Banc d’Arguin and the Mauritanian Shelf

机译：评估海洋保护区对生态系统营养功能的贡献：阿金岛和毛里塔尼亚架子的模型

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Most modelling studies addressed the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPA) for fisheries sustainability through single species approach. Only a few models analysed the potential benefits of MPAs at the ecosystem level, estimating the potential export of fish biomass from the reserve or analysing the trophic relationships between organisms inside and outside the MPA. Here, we propose to use food web models to assess the contribution of a MPA to the trophic functioning of a larger ecosystem. This approach is applied to the Banc d’Arguin National Park, a large MPA located on the Mauritanian shelf. The ecosystem was modeled using Ecopath with Ecosim, a model that accounts for fisheries, food web structure, and some aspects of the spatial distribution of species, for the period 1991–2006. Gaps in knowledge and uncertainty were taken into account by building three different models. Results showed that the Banc d’Arguin contributes about 9 to 13% to the total consumption, is supporting about 23% of the total production and 18% of the total catch of the Mauritanian shelf ecosystem, and up to 50% for coastal fish. Of the 29 exploited groups, 15 depend on the Banc for more than 30% of their direct or indirect consumptions. Between 1991 and 2006, the fishing pressure increased leading to a decrease in biomass and the catch of high trophic levels, confirming their overall overexploitation. Ecosim simulations showed that adding a new fleet in the Banc d’Arguin would have large impacts on the species with a high reliance on the Banc for food, resulting in a 23% decrease in the current outside MPA catches. We conclude on the usefulness of food web models to assess MPAs contribution to larger ecosystem functioning.
机译：大多数建模研究通过单物种方法探讨了海洋保护区（MPA）对渔业可持续性的有效性。只有少数模型分析了MPA在生态系统水平上的潜在利益，估计了保护区鱼类生物量的潜在出口或分析了MPA内外生物之间的营养关系。在这里，我们建议使用食物网模型来评估MPA对更大的生态系统的营养功能的贡献。这种方法适用于Banc d'Arguin国家公园，这是位于毛里塔尼亚架子上的大型MPA。生态系统使用Ecopath和Ecosim进行了建模，该模型说明了1991-2006年期间的渔业，食物网结构以及物种空间分布的某些方面。通过构建三个不同的模型来考虑知识和不确定性方面的差距。结果表明，Banc d'Arguin占总消费量的9％至13％，支撑着毛里塔尼亚大陆架生态系统的总产量的23％和总产量的18％，沿海鱼类的比例高达50％。在29个被剥削群体中，有15个依靠Banc消费了其直接或间接消费的30％以上。 1991年至2006年之间，捕捞压力增加，导致生物量减少和高营养水平的渔获，证实了它们的总体过度开发。 Ecosim模拟结果显示，在Banc d'Arguin中增加新船队会对该物种产生重大影响，因为高度依赖Banc来获取食物，导致当前MPA捕捞量减少了23％。我们总结了食物网模型对评估MPA对更大的生态系统功能的贡献的有用性。

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