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Long-term Effects of Nutrient Addition and Phytoremediation on Diesel and Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in subarctic Alaska

机译：营养补充和植物修复对北极阿拉斯加柴油和原油污染土壤的长期影响

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Phytoremediation is a potentially inexpensive method of detoxifying contaminated soils using plants and associated soil microorganisms. The remote locations and cold climate of Alaska provide unique challenges associated with phytoremediation such as finding effective plant species that can achieve successful site clean-up despite the extreme environmental conditions and with minimal site management. A long-term assessment of phytoremediation was performed which capitalized on a study established in Fairbanks in 1995. The original study sought to determine how the introduction of plants (Festuca rubra, Lolium multiflorum), nutrients (fertilizer), or their combination would affect degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated soils (crude oil or diesel) over time. Within the year following initial treatments, the plots subjected to both planting and/or fertilization showed greater overall decreases in TPH concentrations in both the diesel and crude oil contaminated soils relative to untreated plots. We re-examined this field site after 15 years with no active site management to assess the long-term effects of phytoremediation on colonization by native and non-native plants, their rhizosphere microbial communities and on petroleum removal from soil. Native and non-native vegetation had extensively colonized the site, with more abundant vegetation found on the diesel contaminated soils than the more nutrient-poor, more coarse, and acidic crude oil contaminated soils. TPH concentrations achieved regulatory clean up levels in all treatment groups, with lower TPH concentrations correlating with higher amounts of woody vegetation (trees & shrubs). In addition, original treatment type has affected vegetation recruitment to each plot with woody vegetation and more native plants in unfertilized plots. Bacterial community structure also varies according to the originally applied treatments. This study suggests that initial treatment with native tree species in combination with grasses could be an effective means for phytoremediating petroleum contaminated soils and promoting ecological recovery in cold regions.
机译：植物修复是一种使用植物和相关土壤微生物为污染土壤排毒的潜在廉价方法。阿拉斯加的偏远地区和寒冷气候给植物修复带来了独特的挑战，例如寻找有效的植物物种，即使在极端的环境条件下并且只需最少的场地管理，都可以成功地进行场地清理。利用1995年在费尔班克斯（Fairbanks）进行的一项研究，对植物修复进行了长期评估。原始研究旨在确定植物（Festuca rubra，多花黑麦草），养分（肥料）或其组合的引入将如何影响降解。随时间推移污染石油烃（TPH）的土壤（原油或柴油）的数量。在初始处理后的一年内，与未经处理的样地相比，经过种植和/或施肥的样地在柴油和原油污染土壤中的TPH浓度总体下降幅度更大。我们在15年没有进行现场管理的情况下重新检查了该现场，以评估植物修复对本地和非本地植物的定居，根际微生物群落以及从土壤中去除石油的长期影响。本地和非本地植被已在该地点广泛定殖，与受营养贫乏，粗糙和酸性原油污染的土壤相比，在柴油污染的土壤上发现的植被更为丰富。在所有处理组中，TPH浓度均达到了规定的净化水平，而较低的TPH浓度则与较高的木本植物（树木和灌木丛）相关。此外，原始处理类型还影响了每个地块的植被招募，其中木本植物和未施肥地块中的原生植物更多。细菌群落结构也根据最初应用的治疗方法而有所不同。这项研究表明，将原生树种与草结合起来进行初始处理可能是植物修复石油污染土壤并促进寒冷地区生态恢复的有效手段。

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