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UNC569 a novel small molecule Mer inhibitor with efficacy against acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vitro and in vivo

机译:UNC569一种新颖的小分子Mer抑制剂在体内外均可治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病

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摘要

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Although survival rates have improved, patients with certain biological subtypes still have suboptimal outcomes. Current chemotherapeutic regimens are associated with short- and long-term toxicities and novel, less toxic therapeutic strategies are needed. Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is ectopically expressed in ALL patient samples and cell lines. Inhibition of Mer expression reduces pro-survival signaling, increases chemosensitivity, and delays development of leukaemia in vivo suggesting that Mer tyrosine kinase inhibitors are excellent candidates for targeted therapies. Brain and spinal tumors are the second most common malignancies in childhood. Multiple chemotherapy approaches and radiation have been attempted, yet overall survival remains dismal. Mer is also abnormally expressed in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT), providing a rationale for targeting Mer as a therapeutic strategy. We have previously described UNC569, the first small molecule Mer inhibitor. This manuscript describes the biochemical and biological effects of UNC569 in ALL and ATRT. UNC569 inhibited Mer activation and downstream signaling through ERK1/2 and AKT, determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with UNC569 reduced proliferation/survival in liquid culture, decreased colony formation in methylcellulose/soft agar, and increased sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapies. MYC transgenic zebrafish with T-ALL were treated with UNC569 (4 µM for 2 weeks). Fluorescence was quantified as indicator of the distribution of lymphoblasts, which express Mer and enhanced green fluorescent protein. UNC569 induced >50% reduction in tumor burden compared to vehicle- and mock-treated fish. These data support further development of Mer inhibitors as effective therapies in ALL and ATRT.
机译:急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是儿童中最常见的恶性肿瘤。尽管存活率有所提高,但具有某些生物学亚型的患者仍具有次优的结局。当前的化学治疗方案与短期和长期毒性有关,因此需要新颖,毒性较小的治疗策略。 Mer受体酪氨酸激酶在所有患者样品和细胞系中异位表达。 Mer表达的抑制作用降低了生存前信号,增加了化学敏感性,并延迟了体内白血病的发展,这表明Mer酪氨酸激酶抑制剂是靶向治疗的理想候选药物。脑瘤和脊柱肿瘤是儿童时期第二大最常见的恶性肿瘤。已经尝试了多种化学疗法和放射线,但是总体存活率仍然令人沮丧。 Mer在非典型的类畸形/类胡萝卜素肿瘤(ATRT)中也异常表达,为靶向Mer作为治疗策略提供了依据。我们之前已经描述了UNC569,第一个小分子Mer抑制剂。该手稿描述了UNC569在ALL和ATRT中的生化和生物学作用。通过蛋白质印迹分析确定,UNC569通过ERK1 / 2和AKT抑制Mer激活和下游信号传导。 UNC569处理可降低液体培养物中的增殖/存活率,减少甲基纤维素/软琼脂中的菌落形成,并增加对细胞毒性化学疗法的敏感性。将带有T-ALL的MYC转基因斑马鱼用UNC569(4 µM,持续2周)处理。荧光被量化为表达Mer和增强的绿色荧光蛋白的淋巴母细胞分布的指标。与用赋形剂和模拟处理的鱼相比,UNC569诱导的肿瘤负担减少了50%以上。这些数据支持进一步开发Mer抑制剂作为ALL和ATRT的有效疗法。

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