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Structural and Functional Characterization of a Multifunctional Alanine-Rich Peptide Analogue from Pleuronectes americanus

机译：从美洲鲽多功能丙氨酸富肽类似物的结构与功能研究

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摘要

Recently, defense peptides that are able to act against several targets have been characterized. The present work focuses on structural and functional evaluation of the peptide analogue Pa-MAP, previously isolated as an antifreeze peptide from Pleuronectes americanus. Pa-MAP showed activities against different targets such as tumoral cells in culture (CACO-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116), bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and fungi (Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (28d&E) and T. rubrum (327)). This peptide did not show toxicity against mammalian cells such as erythrocytes, Vero and RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular mechanism of action was related to hydrophobic residues, since only the terminal amino group is charged at pH 7 as confirmed by potentiometric titration. In order to shed some light on its structure-function relations, in vitro and in silico assays were carried out using circular dichroism and molecular dynamics. Furthermore, Pa-MAP showed partial unfolding of the peptide changes in a wide pH (3 to 11) and temperature (25 to 95°C) ranges, although it might not reach complete unfolding at 95°C, suggesting a high conformational stability. This peptide also showed a conformational transition with a partial α-helical fold in water and a full α-helical core in SDS and TFE environments. These results were corroborated by spectral data measured at 222 nm and by 50 ns dynamic simulation. In conclusion, data reported here show that Pa-MAP is a potential candidate for drug design against pathogenic microorganisms due to its structural stability and wide activity against a range of targets.
机译：最近，已经表征了能够对几种靶标起作用的防御肽。本工作着重于对肽类似物Pa-MAP的结构和功能评估，该肽类似物先前是作为一种抗冻肽从美洲发白分离到的。 Pa-MAP显示了针对不同靶标的活性，例如培养物中的肿瘤细胞（CACO-2，MCF-7和HCT-116），细菌（大肠杆菌ATCC 8739和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923），病毒（HSV-1和HSV-2） ）和真菌（副寄生念珠菌ATCC 22019，毛癣菌（28d＆E）和风疹毛菌（327））。该肽对哺乳动物细胞如红细胞，Vero和RAW 264.7细胞没有毒性。分子作用机理与疏水残基有关，因为电位滴定法证实只有末端氨基在pH 7才带电。为了阐明其结构-功能关系，使用圆二色性和分子动力学进行了体外和计算机分析。此外，Pa-MAP在较宽的pH值（3至11）和温度（25至95°C）范围内显示了肽变化的部分展开，尽管在95°C可能未完全展开，表明构象稳定性高。该肽还显示出构象转变，在水中具有部分α-螺旋折叠，在SDS和TFE环境中具有完整的α-螺旋核心。通过222 nm处测得的光谱数据和50 ns的动态仿真，证实了这些结果。总之，此处报道的数据表明，Pa-MAP由于其结构稳定性和针对一系列靶标的广泛活性，因此是针对病原微生物的药物设计的潜在候选者。

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