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Demographically Corrected Norms for African Americans and Caucasians on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Stroop Color and Word Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64-Card Version

机译：对于非裔美国人和在霍普金斯口语学习白种人人口统计更正规范试验修订版简约视觉空间记忆测验 - 修订斯特鲁普字色测试以及威斯康星卡片分类测验64卡版本

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Memory and executive functioning are two important components of clinical neuropsychological (NP) practice and research. Multiple demographic factors are known to affect performance differentially on most NP tests, but adequate normative corrections, inclusive of race/ethnicity, are not available for many widely used instruments. This study compared demographic contributions for widely used tests of verbal and visual learning and memory (Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised, Hopkins Verbal Memory Test-Revised), and executive functioning (Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64) in groups of healthy Caucasians (n = 143) and African-Americans (n = 103). Demographic factors of age, education, gender, and race/ethnicity were found to be significant factors on some indices of all four tests. The magnitude of demographic contributions (especially age) was greater for African-Americans than Caucasians on most measures. New, demographically corrected T-score formulas were calculated for each race/ethnicity. The rates of NP impairment using previously published normative standards significantly overestimated NP impairment in African-Americans. Utilizing the new demographic corrections developed and presented herein, NP impairment rates were comparable between the two race/ethnicities and unrelated to the other demographic characteristics (age, education, gender) in either race/ethnicity group. Findings support the need to consider extended demographic contributions to neuropsychological test performance in clinical and research settings.

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Marc A. Norman; David J. Moore; Michael Taylor; Donald Franklin Jr.; Lucette Cysique; Chris Ake; Deborah Lazarretto; Florin Vaida; Robert K. Heaton;
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年(卷),期 -1(33),7
年度 -1
页码 793–804
总页数 27
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1. Demographically corrected norms for African Americans and Caucasians on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64-Card Version. [J] . The Hnrc Group Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology . 2011,第7期

机译：经修订的霍普金斯言语学习测试，经修订的简短视觉空间记忆测试，Stroop颜色和文字测试以及威斯康星卡片分类测试64卡版本的针对非洲裔美国人和高加索人的经人口统计学校正的规范。
2. Demographically corrected norms for African Americans and Caucasians on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64-Card Version [J] . Marc A. Norman David J. Moore Michael Taylor Donald Franklin Jr. Lucette Cysique Chris Ake Deborah Lazarretto Florin Vaida Robert K. Heaton the HNRC Group Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology . 2011,第7期

机译：经修订的霍普金斯言语学习测验，经修订的简短视觉空间记忆测验，Stroop颜色和文字测验以及威斯康星卡片分类测验64卡版的针对非洲裔美国人和高加索人的经人口统计学校正的规范
3. Demographically corrected norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in monolingual Spanish speakers from the U.S.–Mexico border region [J] . M. Cherner, P. Suarez, D. Lazzaretto, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology . 2007,第3期

机译：经人口统计学校正的简短视觉空间记忆测验修订版和霍普金斯言语学习测验修订版，来自美国-墨西哥边境地区的会说西班牙语的人
4. Digitalisation of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and Evaluation with a Machine Learning Algorithm [C] . Martin Eduard Birchmeier, Tobias Studer, Andreas Lutterotti, Medical Informatics Europe Conference . 2020

机译：用机器学习算法计算简要探索内存的云化学记忆试验和评估
5. Demographic predictors of verbal learning and memory indices on the World Health Organization-University of California at Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test in a Hispanic sample. [D] . Mares, Marisa. 2001

机译：世界卫生组织-加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶听觉语言学习测验中的口头学习和记忆指数的人口统计预测因子，来自西班牙裔样本。
6. Demographically corrected norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in monolingual Spanish speakers from the U.S.–Mexico border region [O] . M. Cherner, P. Suarez, D. Lazzaretto, -1

机译：经人口统计学校正的简短视觉空间记忆测验修订版和霍普金斯言语学习测验修订版来自美国-墨西哥边境地区的会说西班牙语的人
7. Demographically corrected normative data for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an elderly sample [O] . Kevin Duff 2015

机译：人口统计地纠正了霍普金斯口头学习测试修订的规范数据，并在老年样本中测试了修订的简要求解记忆
8. A Comparison of Chromatic and Achromatic Versions of the Stroop Color-Word Test [R] . Dyer, F. N. 1970

机译：stroop颜色词测试的彩色和非彩色版本的比较

Demographically Corrected Norms for African Americans and Caucasians on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Stroop Color and Word Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64-Card Version

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