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Monte Carlo simulations to assess the effects of tube current modulation on breast dose for multidetector CT

机译：蒙特卡罗模拟评估多探测器CT的管电流调制对乳房剂量的影响

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Tube current modulation was designed to reduce radiation dose in CT imaging while maintaining overall image quality. This study aims to develop a method for evaluating the effects of tube current modulation (TCM) on organ dose in CT exams of actual patient anatomy. This method was validated by simulating a TCM and a fixed tube current chest CT exam on 30 voxelized patient models and estimating the radiation dose to each patient’s glandular breast tissue. This new method for estimating organ dose was compared with other conventional estimates of dose reduction. Thirty detailed voxelized models of patient anatomy were created based on image data from female patients who had previously undergone clinically indicated CT scans including the chest area. As an indicator of patient size, the perimeter of the patient was measured on the image containing at least one nipple using a semi-automated technique. The breasts were contoured on each image set by a radiologist and glandular tissue was semi-automatically segmented from this region. Previously validated Monte Carlo models of two multidetector CT scanners were used, taking into account details about the source spectra, filtration, collimation and geometry of the scanner. TCM data were obtained from each patient’s clinical scan and factored into the model to simulate the effects of TCM. For each patient model, two exams were simulated: a fixed tube current chest CT and a tube current modulated chest CT. X-ray photons were transported through the anatomy of the voxelized patient models, and radiation dose was tallied in the glandular breast tissue. The resulting doses from the tube current modulated simulations were compared to the results obtained from simulations performed using a fixed mA value. The average radiation dose to the glandular breast tissue from a fixed tube current scan across all patient models was 19 mGy. The average reduction in breast dose using the tube current modulated scan was 17%. Results were size dependent with smaller patients getting better dose reduction (up to 64% reduction) and larger patients getting a smaller reduction, and in some cases the dose actually increased when using tube current modulation (up to 41% increase). The results indicate that radiation dose to glandular breast tissue generally decreases with the use of tube current modulated CT acquisition, but that patient size (and in some cases patient positioning) may affect dose reduction.
机译：电子管电流调制旨在减少CT成像中的辐射剂量，同时保持整体图像质量。这项研究旨在开发一种方法，用于在实际患者解剖结构的CT检查中评估管电流调制（TCM）对器官剂量的影响。通过在30种已体素化的患者模型上模拟中医和固定管电流胸部CT检查并估算出每个患者腺体乳房组织的放射剂量，从而验证了该方法的有效性。将这种估计器官剂量的新方法与其他传统的剂量减少估计方法进行了比较。根据女性患者的图像数据创建了30种详细的体素化人体解剖模型，这些女性患者以前曾接受过包括胸部区域在内的临床CT扫描。作为患者体形的指标，使用半自动技术在包含至少一个乳头的图像上测量患者的周长。放射科医生在每幅图像上对乳房进行轮廓处理，并从该区域半自动分割腺体组织。考虑到有关源光谱，扫描仪的准直和几何形状的详细信息，使用了先前验证的两个多探测器CT扫描仪的蒙特卡洛模型。从每位患者的临床扫描中获取中医数据，并将其纳入模型以模拟中医的疗效。对于每个患者模型，都模拟了两次检查：固定的胸管电流胸部CT和经管电流调制的胸部CT。 X射线光子通过体素化患者模型的解剖结构传输，并在腺体乳腺组织中计算出辐射剂量。将管电流调制模拟所得的剂量与使用固定mA值进行的模拟所得的结果进行比较。在所有患者模型中，通过固定管电流扫描对腺体乳腺组织的平均辐射剂量为19 mGy。使用管电流调制扫描可平均降低乳房剂量17％。结果取决于大小，较小的患者获得更好的剂量减少（最多减少64％），而较大的患者获得更少的减少剂量，在某些情况下，使用管电流调制时剂量实际上增加（最多增加41％）。结果表明，随着管电流调制CT采集的使用，对腺体乳腺组织的辐射剂量通常会减少，但是患者的体型（在某些情况下，患者的位置）可能会影响剂量的减少。

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