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Serum Organochlorine Pesticide Residues and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

机译：血清有机氯农药残留和睾丸生殖细胞癌的风险：基于人群的病例对照研究

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Testicular germ cell carcinoma (TGCC) is the most common malignancy among men aged 20–34. Although the pathogenesis of TGCC is poorly understood, sub-optimal androgen levels or impaired androgen signaling may play a role. Some persistent organochlorine pesticides commonly found in human tissue possess anti-androgenic properties. We examined whether the risk of TGCC is associated with serum levels of 11 organochlorine pesticides, including p,p’-DDE, and whether the p,p-DDE-TGCC association is modified by CAG or GGN repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. We conducted a population-based case-control study among 18–44 year-old male residents of three Washington State counties. Cases (n=246) were diagnosed during 1999–2003 with a first, primary TGCC. Controls (n=630) were men of similar age with no history of TGCC from the same population identified through random-digit telephone dialing. Questionnaires elicited information on demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. A blood specimen provided serum for gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of organochlorine pesticide residues, and DNA for genotyping. We observed no clear patterns between TGCC risk and concentrations of any of the organochlorines measured, nor did we observe that the risk associated with p,p’-DDE was modified by AR CAG (<23 vs.23+ repeats) or GGN (<17 vs.17+ repeats) genotype. This study does not provide support for the hypothesis that adult exposure to organochlorine pesticides is associated with risk of TGCC. Due to uncertainty regarding how well organochlorine levels measured in adulthood reflect exposures during early life, further research is needed using exposure measurements collected in utero or during infancy.
机译：睾丸生殖细胞癌（TGCC）是20-34岁男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。尽管对TGCC的发病机理了解甚少，但次优的雄激素水平或受损的雄激素信号传导可能起作用。在人体组织中常见的一些持久性有机氯农药具有抗雄激素特性。我们检查了TGCC的风险是否与11种有机氯农药（包括p，p'-DDE）的血清水平相关，以及p，p-DDE-TGCC关联是否被雄激素受体（AR）中的CAG或GGN重复多态性所修饰）基因。我们在华盛顿州三个县的18-44岁男性居民中进行了基于人群的病例对照研究。在1999年至2003年期间诊断出第一例原发性TGCC的病例（n = 246）。对照组（n = 630）是年龄相似的男性，没有同一性别的TGCC病史，该人群是通过随机数字电话拨号识别的。问卷调查得出有关人口，医疗和生活方式因素的信息。血液样本为有机氯农药残留的气相色谱-高分辨率质谱分析提供了血清，为基因分型提供了DNA。我们没有观察到TGCC风险与所测量的任何有机氯的浓度之间存在明确的关系，也没有观察到与p，p'-DDE相关的风险被AR CAG（<23 vs.23 +重复）或GGN（< 17对17+重复）基因型。该研究不支持成人接触有机氯农药与TGCC风险相关的假说。由于关于成年期测量的有机氯水平在儿童早期阶段如何反映暴露的不确定性，因此需要使用在子宫内或婴儿期收集的暴露测量值进行进一步的研究。

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