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Simultaneous Detection of Resolved Glutamate Glutamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid at 4 Tesla

机译：在4 Tesla下同时检测已分解的谷氨酸谷氨酰胺和γ-氨基丁酸

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摘要

A new approach is introduced to simultaneously detect resolved glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using a standard STEAM localization pulse sequence with the optimized sequence timing parameters. This approach exploits the dependence of the STEAM spectra of the strongly coupled spin systems of Glu, Gln, and GABA on the echo time TE and the mixing time TM at 4 Tesla to find an optimized sequence parameter set, i.e., {TE, TM}, where the outer-wings of the Glu C4 multiplet resonances around 2.35 ppm, the Gln C4 multiplet resonances around 2.45 ppm, and the GABA C2 multiplet resonance around 2.28 ppm are significantly suppressed and the three resonances become virtual singlets simultaneously and thus resolved. Spectral simulation and optimization were conducted to find the optimized sequence parameters, and phantom and in vivo experiments (on normal human brains, one patient with traumatic brain injury, and one patient with brain tumor) were carried out for verification. The results have demonstrated that the Gln, Glu, and GABA signals at 2.2–2.5 ppm can be well resolved using a standard STEAM sequence with the optimized sequence timing parameters around {82 ms, 48 ms} at 4T, while the other main metabolites, such as N-acetyl Aspartate (NAA), Choline (tCho), and Creatine (tCr), are still preserved in the same spectrum. The technique can be easily implemented and should prove to be a useful tool for the basic and clinical studies associated with metabolism of Glu, Gln, and/or GABA.
机译：引入了一种新方法，该方法使用具有优化序列定时参数的标准STEAM定位脉冲序列，同时检测分解的谷氨酸（Glu），谷氨酰胺（Gln）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）。该方法利用了Glu，Gln和GABA的强耦合自旋系统的STEAM光谱对回声时间TE和4 Tesla下的混合时间TM的依赖性，以找到优化的序列参数集，即{TE，TM} ，其中Glu C4多重共振的外翼在2.35 ppm附近，Gln C4多重共振在2.45 ppm附近，而GABA C2多重共振在2.28 ppm附近，并且三个共振同时变为虚拟单重态，因此得以解决。进行光谱模拟和优化以找到优化的序列参数，并进行了幻像和体内实验（在正常人脑上，对一名颅脑外伤患者和一名脑肿瘤患者）进行了验证。结果表明，使用标准STEAM序列可以很好地分辨2.2–2.5 ppm处的Gln，Glu和GABA信号，并在4T时将序列定时参数优化为{82 ms，48 ms}，而其他主要代谢物如N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA），胆碱（tCho）和肌酸（tCr），仍保留在同一光谱中。该技术易于实施，应被证明是与Glu，Gln和/或GABA代谢相关的基础和临床研究的有用工具。

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