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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Clinical and Translational Science >3322 Functional brain mechanisms of sensorimotor deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
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3322 Functional brain mechanisms of sensorimotor deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

机译：3322自闭症谱系障碍患者感觉运动功能障碍的功能性脑机制

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Abnormalities in sensorimotor behavior are present in the majority of individuals with ASD and associated with core symptoms. Cortico-cerebellar networks that control sensorimotor behavior have been implicated in ASD, but little is known about their function during sensorimotor actions. The purpose of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine cortical-cerebellar function during feedback-guided motor behavior in ASD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Individuals with ASD (11-30 years; N = 18) and age-matched controls (N = 15) completed a visuomotor task of feedback-guided precision gripping during fMRI. Participants pressed with their right thumb and forefinger on a force transducer while viewing a green FORCE bar on a screen that moved upwards with increased force toward a fixed white TARGET bar. Individuals were instructed to maintain the FORCE bar at the level of the TARGET bar for 24 seconds. Target force levels were set at 20% and 60% of each participant’s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Force variability was characterized as the coefficient of variation (i.e., standard deviation of the force time series / mean force output; CoV). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Mean force did not differ between groups indicating participants were able to follow task demands. Participants with ASD showed increased force variability (F(1,30) = 5.214, p = 0.03) at both 20% (d = .45) and 60% (d = .77) MVC compared to controls. Compared to controls, individuals with ASD showed decreased activation in left angular gyrus during the visuomotor task compared to rest (AG; maximum t = 4.31). Individuals with ASD also showed greater visuomotor activation compared to controls in ipsilateral ventral M1, extending anteriorly into posterior ventral pre-motor cortex (PMv; maximum t = −4.06, cluster size = 38 voxels). This difference reflected the finding that control participants showed a selective deactivation of ipsilateral M1/PMv during visuomotor behavior, whereas individuals with ASD did not show this pattern. A significant group x force interaction was observed for contralateral Crus I activation (maximum t = −2.42) that was driven by an increase in activity during 60% compared to 20% MVC in control participants, while individuals with ASD showed no change in Crus I activation between force levels. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Increased force variability in individuals with ASD suggests impaired processing of sensory feedback to guide precision motor behaviors. Individuals with ASD did not show deactivation of right motor cortex during visuomotor behavior relative to rest, suggesting reduced ability to selectively modulate motor cortical output. Reduced activation in left AG may reflect an inability to integrate visual, haptic, and proprioceptive inputs to reactively adjust ongoing motor output. Failure to show force-dependent scaling of Crus I in ASD suggests lateral cerebellar circuits do not adapt sensory prediction and error processes to maintain precision motor output during more demanding conditions. Together, our results demonstrate multiple cortical-cerebellar mechanisms associated with sensorimotor imprecision in ASD.
机译：目的/特定目的：大多数ASD患者存在感觉运动行为异常，并与核心症状有关。控制感觉运动行为的皮质-小脑网络已牵涉到ASD中，但对其在感觉运动行为中的功能了解甚少。这项功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的目的是在ASD的反馈指导运动行为过程中检查皮质小脑功能。方法/研究人群：ASD（11-30岁； N = 18）和年龄匹配的对照组（N = 15）的个体在fMRI期间完成了反馈引导的精确抓握的视觉运动任务。参与者用右手的拇指和食指按在力传感器上，同时查看屏幕上绿色的FORCE（力量）栏，该栏以增大的力向上移动，移向固定的白色TARGET栏。指示个人将FORCE栏保持在TARGET栏的水平24秒钟。目标力量水平设置为每个参与者最大自愿收缩（MVC）的20％和60％。力可变性的特征在于变化系数（即力时间序列/平均力输出的标准偏差; CoV）。结果/预期结果：两组之间的平均力量无差异，表明参与者能够遵循任务要求。与对照组相比，在20％（d = .45）和60％（d = .77）的MVC下，具有ASD的参与者表现出增加的力可变性（F（1,30）= 5.214，p = 0.03）。与对照组相比，患有ASD的人在进行运动运动时左角回的激活程度低于休息状态（AG；最大t = 4.31）。与同侧腹侧M1的对照组相比，患有ASD的个体还表现出更大的视觉运动激活，向前延伸到后腹前运动前皮层（PMv；最大t = -4.06，簇大小= 38体素）。这种差异反映了这样的发现，即对照参与者在粘性运动行为期间显示出同侧M1 / PMv的选择性失活，而患有ASD的个体则没有这种现象。在对侧Crus I激活中观察到显着的x力相互作用（最大t = -2.42），这是由60％的活动增加（与对照组参与者的20％MVC相比）引起的，而患有ASD的个体在Crus I中没有变化力水平之间的激活。讨论/意义的影响：ASD患者力变化性的增加表明感觉反馈的处理能力受损，以指导精确的运动行为。相对于休息，患有ASD的患者在运动运动期间未显示右运动皮层失活，提示选择性调节运动皮层输出的能力降低。左AG的激活减少可能反映了无法整合视觉，触觉和本体感受输入以反应性地调整正在进行的电机输出。未能显示ASD中Crus I的受力依比例缩放，表明侧脑小脑回路无法适应感觉预测和错误过程，无法在更苛刻的条件下维持精确的电机输出。总之，我们的结果证明了与ASD感觉运动不精确相关的多种皮质-小脑机制。

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