Volatile Fragility: New Employment Forms and Disrupted Employment Protection in the New Economy

机译：脆弱的脆弱性：新经济中的新就业形式和中断的就业保护

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摘要

This research is based on empirical surveys conducted in two Chinese cities, Beijing and Chengdu, which examine employment relationships, labor protection and social protection in the new digital economy. Through these theoretically informed surveys on various forms of employment via online platforms, we have found that the organizational principles and functional patterns of employment have profoundly transformed in the epoch of digitalization. The traditional employment relationship characterized by written contracts with clearly defined entitlements and obligations for employers and employees have been increasingly substituted by new volatile, fluid and fragile employment forms, softening the labor rights and social rights of “digital employees” and strengthening social control over them through online evaluation systems supported by smart phones and apps. The employees engaged in the online sharing economy have become more individualized and atomized than ever before, resulting in the emergence of an unorganized and disenfranchised “digital working class”.

机译：这项研究基于在中国两个城市北京和成都进行的实证调查，调查了新数字经济中的就业关系，劳动保护和社会保护。通过在线平台对各种形式的就业进行理论上的了解，我们发现，就业的组织原则和功能模式已在数字化时代发生了深刻的变化。传统的雇佣关系以书面合同为特征，对雇主和雇员具有明确定义的权利和义务，如今已逐渐被新的不稳定，流动和脆弱的雇佣形式所取代，软化了“数字雇员”的劳动权利和社会权利，并加强了对他们的社会控制通过智能手机和应用支持的在线评估系统。从事在线共享经济的员工比以往任何时候都更加个性化和分散化，从而导致出现了一个无组织和被剥夺权利的“数字工人阶级”。

著录项

期刊名称 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
作者
Bin Chen; Tao Liu; Yingqi Wang;
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作者单位

展开▼
年(卷),期 2020(17),5
年度 2020
页码 -1
总页数 14
原文格式 PDF
正文语种
中图分类公共卫生工程;
关键词
digital age; employment; labor; protection; volatility; fragility;

机译：数字时代;就业;劳动;保护;波动性;脆弱性;

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专利

1. Employment Protection Reform in Search Economies. [J] . LHaridon Olivier, Malherbet Franck European Economic Review . 2009,第3期

机译：搜索经济中的就业保护改革。
2. Self-employment, wage employment, and informality in a developing economy [J] . John Bennett, Matthew D. Rablen Oxford Economic Papers . 2015,第2期

机译：发展中经济中的自营职业，有薪就业和非正式
3. Weaving in and out of employment and self-employment: young rural migrants in the informal economy of Ouagadougou [J] . Dorte Thorsen International development planning review . 2013,第2期

机译：融入和摆脱就业与自谋职业：瓦加杜古非正规经济中的年轻农村移民
4. Role of Informal Employment to the Economy [C] . I Nengah Suarmanayasa, Gede Putu Agus Jana Susila, Ida Bagus Koman Suarmaja a International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management, and Social Science . 2019

机译：非正式就业对经济的作用
5. Ministers of Religion in UK Civil Law: Obstacles to Employment Status and Potential Reforms to Achieve a Degree of Employment Protection [D] . Duddington, John. 2019

机译：英国民法的宗教部长：就业地位的障碍和潜在的改革，实现就业保护程度
6. Sex work and modes of self-employment in the informal economy: diverse business practices and constraints to effective working [O] . Jane Pitcher -1

机译：非正规经济中的性工作和自谋职业的方式：多样化的商业惯例和有效工作的制约
7. We analyze, in this paper, a DSGE New Keynesian model with indi- visible labor where firms may belong to two different final goods producing sectors one where wages and employment are determined in competitive labor markets and the orther where wages and employment are the result of a contractual process between unions and firms. Bargaining between firms and monopoly unions implies real wage rigidity in the model and, in turn, an endogenous trade-off between output stabilization and infla- tion stabilization. We show that the negative effect of a productivity shock on inflation and the positive effect of a cost-push shock is crucially determined by the proportion of firms that belong to the competitive sec- tor. The larger is this number, the smaller are these effects. We derive a welfare based objective function as a second order Taylor approxima- tion of the expected utility of the economy's representative agent and we analyze optimal monetary policy. We show that the larger is the num- ber of firms that belong to the competitive sector, the smaller should be the response of the nominal interest rate to exogenous productivity and cost-push shocks. If we consider, however, an instrument rule where the interest rate must react to inflationary expectations, the rule is not af- fected by the structure of the labor market. The results of the model are consistent with a well known empirical regularity in macroeconomics, i.e. that employment volatility is larger than real wage volatility. [O] . Lorenza Rossi, Fabrizio Mattesini 100

机译：在本文中，我们分析了DsGE新凯恩斯主义模型，该模型具有明显的劳动力，其中企业可能属于两个不同的最终产品生产部门，其中工资和就业是在竞争性劳动力市场中确定的，而工资和就业是由工资和就业导致的。工会和公司之间的合同过程。企业和垄断联盟之间的讨价还价意味着模型中的实际工资刚性，反过来，产出稳定和通货膨胀稳定之间的内生权衡。我们表明，生产率冲击对通货膨胀的负面影响以及成本推动冲击的积极影响，主要取决于属于竞争部门的企业比例。这个数字越大，这些效果越小。我们得出一个基于福利的目标函数作为经济代理人的预期效用的二阶泰勒近似，我们分析最优货币政策。我们表明，属于竞争性行业的企业数量越大，名义利率对外生生产率和成本推动冲击的反应就越小。但是，如果我们考虑利率必须对通胀预期作出反应的工具规则，则该规则不受劳动力市场结构的影响。该模型的结果与宏观经济学中众所周知的经验规律一致，即就业波动率大于实际工资波动率。

Volatile Fragility: New Employment Forms and Disrupted Employment Protection in the New Economy

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