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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of a Novel Al-Ion and a Li-Ion Battery for Stationary Applications

机译：用于固定应用的新型铝离子和锂离子电池的比较寿命周期评估

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The foreseen high penetration of fluctuant renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, will cause an increased need for batteries to store the energy produced and not instantaneously consumed. Due to the high production cost and significant environmental impacts associated with the production of lithium-ion nickel-manganese-cobalt (Li-ion NMC) batteries, several chemistries are proposed as a potential substitute. This study aims to identify and compare the lifecycle environmental impacts springing from a novel Al-ion battery, with the current state-of-the-art chemistry, i.e., Li-ion NMC. The global warming potential (GWP) indicator was selected to express the results due to its relevance to society, policy and to facilitate the comparison of our results with other research. The cradle-to-grave process-based assessment uses two functional units: (1) per-cell manufactured and (2) per-Wh of storage capacity. The results identified the battery’s production as the highest carbon intensity phase, being the energy usage the main contributor to GWP. In general, the materials and process involved in the manufacturing and recycling of the novel battery achieve a lower environmental impact in comparison to the Li-ion technology. However, due to the Al-ion’s low energy density, a higher amount of materials are needed to deliver equivalent performance than a Li-ion.
机译：可以预见的是，波动性可再生能源（例如风能和太阳能）的高渗透率将导致对电池的需求增加，以存储产生的能量而不是瞬时消耗的能量。由于锂离子镍-锰-钴（Li-ion NMC）电池生产的高生产成本和对环境的重大影响，提出了几种化学方法作为潜在的替代品。这项研究旨在确定并比较新型铝离子电池对生命周期环境的影响以及当前最先进的化学技术，即锂离子NMC。选择全球变暖潜能值（GWP）指标是因为它与社会，政策相关，以表达结果，并便于将我们的结果与其他研究进行比较。从摇篮到坟墓的过程评估使用两个功能单元：（1）每个电池制造单位和（2）每Wh的存储容量。结果确定电池的生产是碳强度最高的阶段，是能源消耗量的主要贡献者。通常，与锂离子技术相比，新型电池的制造和回收所涉及的材料和工艺对环境的影响较小。但是，由于Al离子的能量密度低，与Li离子相比，需要更多数量的材料才能提供等效的性能。

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