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Comparative Life-Cycle Assessment of Li-Ion Batteries through Process-Based and Integrated Hybrid Approaches

机译：通过基于过程和集成的混合方法对锂离子电池的比较生命周期评估

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摘要

This paper analyzes and compares the life cycle environmental impacts of two major types of Li-ion batteries using process-based and integrated hybrid life-cycle assessment (LCA) approaches. The life cycle inventories (LCIs) of Li-ion battery contain component production, battery assembly, use phase, disposal and recycling and other related background processes. For process-based LCA, 17 ReCiPe midpoint environmental impact indicators and three end point environmental impact indicators are considered. As for the integrated hybrid LCA study, life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption are emphasized. Furthermore, we perform sensitivity analysis of life cycle GHG emissions with respect to the uncertainties in product prices, mass of BMS and cooling system, and production efficiency. The integrated hybrid LCA results show that battery cell production is the most significant contributor to the life cycle GHG emissions and the economic input-output (EIO) systems contribute the largest part in life cycle energy consumption for both types of Li-ion batteries. The most significant difference between two Li-ion batteries lies in the disposal and recycling stage. For LiMn2O4 (LMO) battery, the disposal and recycling stage only makes up a small portion of less than 10% for life cycle GHG emissions and energy consumption. However, for Li(Ni(x)o(y)Mn(z))O-2 (NCM) battery, it contributes a significant part at more than 20%.
机译：本文分析并比较了使用基于过程和集成的混合生命周期评估（LCA）方法的两种主要类型锂离子电池的生命周期环境影响。锂离子电池的生命周期库存（LCIS）包含部件生产，电池组件，使用相位，处理和回收以及其他相关背景过程。对于基于过程的LCA，考虑了17个食谱中点环境影响指标和三个终点环境影响指标。至于集成的混合动力车LCA研究，强调生命周期温室气体（GHG）排放和能耗。此外，我们对产品价格，BMS和冷却系统质量的不确定性，以及生产效率，对生命周期GHG排放的敏感性分析。集成的混合LCA结果表明，电池电池生产是生命周期温室气体排放的最重要贡献者，经济投入输出（EIO）系统为两种类型的锂离子电池供给生命周期能耗的最大部分。两个锂离子电池之间最显着的差异在于处置和回收阶段。对于Limn2O4（LMO）电池，处理和回收阶段仅占终生命周期的小于10％的小部分，以获得生命周期的温室气体排放和能量消耗。然而，对于Li（Ni（x）O（Y）Mn（Z））O-2（NCM）电池，它有贡献超过20％的重要部分。

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