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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Sensors (Basel Switzerland) >Evaluation of the Georeferencing Accuracy of a Photogrammetric Model Using a Quadrocopter with Onboard GNSS RTK
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Evaluation of the Georeferencing Accuracy of a Photogrammetric Model Using a Quadrocopter with Onboard GNSS RTK

机译：使用带有机载GNSS RTK的直升机对摄影测量模型的地理配准精度进行评估

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摘要

Using a GNSS RTK (Global Navigation Satellite System Real Time Kinematic) -equipped unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could greatly simplify the construction of highly accurate digital models through SfM (Structure from Motion) photogrammetry, possibly even avoiding the need for ground control points (GCPs). As previous studies on this topic were mostly performed using fixed-wing UAVs, this study aimed to investigate the results achievable by a quadrocopter (DJI Phantom 4 RTK). Three image acquisition flights were performed for two sites of a different character (urban and rural) along with three calculation variants for each flight: georeferencing using ground-surveyed GCPs only, onboard GNSS RTK only, and a combination thereof. The combined and GNSS RTK methods provided the best results (at the expected level of accuracy of 1–2 GSD (Ground Sample Distance)) for both the vertical and horizontal components. The horizontal positioning was also accurate when georeferencing directly based on the onboard GNSS RTK; the vertical component, however, can be (especially where the terrain is difficult for SfM evaluation) burdened with relatively high systematic errors. This problem was caused by the incorrect identification of the interior orientation parameters calculated, as is customary for non-metric cameras, together with bundle adjustment. This problem could be resolved by using a small number of GCPs (at least one) or quality camera pre-calibration.
机译：使用配备GNSS RTK（全球导航卫星系统实时运动）的无人机（UAV）可以通过SfM（运动结构）摄影测量法极大地简化高精度数字模型的构建，甚至可以避免使用地面控制点（ GCP）。由于以前对此主题的研究大多是使用固定翼无人机进行的，因此本研究旨在研究使用直升机（DJI Phantom 4 RTK）可获得的结果。针对具有不同特征（城市和乡村）的两个地点执行了三个图像采集飞行，以及每个飞行的三个计算变量：仅使用地面测量的GCP，仅在机载GNSS RTK上进行地理配准，以及它们的组合。垂直和水平分量的组合方法和GNSS RTK方法均提供了最佳结果（预期精度为1-2 GSD（地面采样距离））。直接基于机载GNSS RTK进行地理配准时，水平定位也很准确；但是，垂直分量可能会（尤其是在难以进行SfM评估的地形上）承受相对较高的系统误差。出现此问题的原因是，对计算得出的内部方向参数的识别不正确，这是非公制相机的常见做法，同时还进行了束调整。此问题可以通过使用少量的GCP（至少一个）或优质的相机预校准来解决。

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