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Biological Responses of Ceramic Bone Spacers Produced by Green Processing of Additively Manufactured Thin Meshes

机译:增材制造的薄网的绿色加工产生的陶瓷骨垫片的生物响应

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摘要

Bone spacers are exclusively used for replacing the tissue after trauma and/or diseases. Ceramic materials bring positive opportunities to enhance greater osteointegration and performance of implants, yet processing of porous geometries can be challenging. Additive Manufacturing (AM) opens opportunities to grade porosity levels in a part; however, its productivity may be low due to its batch processing approach. The paper studies the biological responses yielded by hydroxyapatite with β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) ceramic porous bone spacers manufactured by robocasting 2-layer meshes that are rolled in green and sintered. The implants are assessed in vitro and in vivo for their compatibility. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached, proliferated and differentiated on the bone spacers produced. Cells on the spacers presented alkaline phosphatase staining, confirming osteogenic differentiation. They also expressed bone-specific COL1A1, BGAP, BSP, and SPP1 genes. The fold change of these genes ranged between 8 to 16 folds compared to controls. When implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits, they triggered collagen fibre formation and mild fibroblastic proliferation. In conclusion, rolled AM-meshes bone spacers stimulated bone formation in vitro and were biocompatible in vivo. This technology may give the advantage to custom produce spacers at high production rates if industrially upscaled.
机译:骨垫片专门用于在创伤和/或疾病后替换组织。陶瓷材料为增强更大的骨整合度和植入物的性能带来了积极的机遇,但是多孔几何形状的加工可能具有挑战性。增材制造(AM)为零件中的孔隙度等级提供了机会;但是,由于采用批处理方法,其生产率可能较低。本文研究了用磷灰石与β-TCP(磷酸三钙)陶瓷多孔骨间隔物产生的生物学响应,该陶瓷间隔物是通过将两层网眼进行Robocasting(生坯轧制并烧结)而制成的。在体外和体内评估植入物的相容性。人骨髓间充质干细胞在产生的骨间隔物上附着,增殖和分化。间隔物上的细胞呈碱性磷酸酶染色,证实成骨分化。他们还表达了骨特异性的COL1A1,BGAP,BSP和SPP1基因。与对照相比,这些基因的倍数变化范围为8至16倍。当植入兔子的皮下组织时,它们会触发胶原纤维的形成和轻度的成纤维细胞增殖。总之,滚动的AM-网状骨间隔物在体外刺激骨形成,并且在体内具有生物相容性。如果在工业上扩大规模,则该技术可以提供以高生产率定制生产间隔件的优势。

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