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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Evolutionary Applications >A river runs through it: The causes consequences and management of intraspecific diversity in river networks
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A river runs through it: The causes consequences and management of intraspecific diversity in river networks

机译：一条河流贯穿其中：河流网络种内多样性的成因后果和管理

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Rivers are fascinating ecosystems in which the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of organisms are constrained by particular features, and biologists have developed a wealth of knowledge about freshwater biodiversity patterns. Over the last 10 years, our group used a holistic approach to contribute to this knowledge by focusing on the causes and consequences of intraspecific diversity in rivers. We conducted empirical works on temperate permanent rivers from southern France, and we broadened the scope of our findings using experiments, meta‐analyses, and simulations. We demonstrated that intraspecific (genetic) diversity follows a spatial pattern (downstream increase in diversity) that is repeatable across taxa (from plants to vertebrates) and river systems. This pattern can result from interactive processes that we teased apart using appropriate simulation approaches. We further experimentally showed that intraspecific diversity matters for the functioning of river ecosystems. It indeed affects not only community dynamics, but also key ecosystem functions such as litter degradation. This means that losing intraspecific diversity in rivers can yield major ecological effects. Our work on the impact of multiple human stressors on intraspecific diversity revealed that—in the studied river systems—stocking of domestic (fish) strains strongly and consistently alters natural spatial patterns of diversity. It also highlighted the need for specific analytical tools to tease apart spurious from actual relationships in the wild. Finally, we developed original conservation strategies at the basin scale based on the systematic conservation planning framework that appeared pertinent for preserving intraspecific diversity in rivers. We identified several important research avenues that should further facilitate our understanding of patterns of local adaptation in rivers, the identification of processes sustaining intraspecific biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and the setting of reliable conservation plans.
机译：河流是令人着迷的生态系统，其中生物的生态进化动力学受到特定特征的限制，生物学家已经掌握了有关淡水生物多样性模式的丰富知识。在过去的十年中，我们的团队通过关注河流种内多样性的成因和后果，采用了整体方法来促进这一知识的发展。我们对来自法国南部的温带永久性河流进行了实证研究，并通过实验，荟萃分析和模拟拓宽了研究范围。我们证明种内（遗传）多样性遵循一种空间模式（多样性下游增加），可在整个分类单元（从植物到脊椎动物）和河流系统中重复。这种模式可能是由我们使用适当的仿真方法将交互过程分开而得出的。我们进一步通过实验表明，种内多样性对河流生态系统的功能至关重要。实际上，它不仅影响社区动态，还影响关键的生态系统功能，例如凋落物退化。这意味着丧失河流种内多样性会产生重大的生态影响。我们对多种人类压力因素对种内多样性的影响的研究表明，在研究的河流系统中，家养（鱼）品系的放养强烈而持续地改变了多样性的自然空间格局。它还强调需要使用特定的分析工具来从野外的实际关系中挑剔虚假的东西。最后，我们在系统化的保护规划框架的基础上，制定了流域规模的原始保护策略，该框架似乎与保护河流种内多样性有关。我们确定了几个重要的研究途径，这些途径应进一步促进我们对河流局部适应模式的理解，确定维持种内生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的过程以及制定可靠的保护计划。

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