After the successful completion of the Human Genome Project in the early 21st century, high throughput technology on genetic variations has been rapidly developed and widely studied. In particular, through the development of microarray chip with rather small computational cost, it became possible to determine the genotype of millions of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, for each individual. With those statistical data of genotypes, many researches are proposed that investigate associations between SNPs and phenotypes like major human disease, and especially Genome-wide association study (GWAS) aims to find top significant SNPs relevant to a certain phenotype.
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