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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Diagnostics >The Oncogenic Roles of PTTG1 and PTTG2 Genes and Pseudogene PTTG3P in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
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The Oncogenic Roles of PTTG1 and PTTG2 Genes and Pseudogene PTTG3P in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

机译：PTTG1和PTTG2基因的致癌作用和颈鳞状细胞癌中的假蛋白PTTG3P

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Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are a group of heterogeneous diseases that occur in the mouth, pharynx and larynx and are characterized by poor prognosis. A low overall survival rate leads to a need to develop biomarkers for early head and neck squamous cell carcinomas detection, accurate prognosis and appropriate selection of therapy. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the biological role of the pseudogene and associated genes and and their potential use as biomarkers. Methods: Based on TCGA data and the UALCAN database, , and expression profiles and clinicopathological features with TP53 gene status as well as expression levels of correlated genes were analyzed in patients’ tissue samples. The selected genes were classified according to their biological function using the PANTHER tool. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software was used for functional enrichment analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5. Results: In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, significant up-regulation of the pseudogene, and genes’ expression between normal and cancer samples were observed. Moreover, the expression of , and depends on the type of mutation in TP53 gene, and they correlate with genes from p53 pathway. expression was significantly correlated with as well as , as was expression with . Significant differences between expression levels of , and in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas patients were also observed in clinicopathological contexts. The contexts taken into consideration included: T-stage for ; grade for , and ; perineural invasion and lymph node neck dissection for and HPV p16 status for , and . A significantly longer disease-free survival for patients with low expressions of and , as compared to high expression groups, was also observed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that the high-expressing group of patients have the most deregulated genes connected with DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation and peroxisome pathways. For , altered genes are from DNA repair groups, Myc targets, E2F targets and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, while for , changes in E2F targets, G2M checkpoints and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are indicated. Conclusions: and can be used as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas diagnostics. Moreover, patients with high expressions of , or have worse outcomes due to upregulation of oncogenic pathways and more aggressive phenotypes.
机译：背景：头部和颈部鳞状细胞癌是一群发生在口腔，咽部和喉部的异质疾病，其特征是预后不良。 A low overall survival rate leads to a need to develop biomarkers for early head and neck squamous cell carcinomas detection, accurate prognosis and appropriate selection of therapy.因此，在本文中，我们研究了假基因和相关基因的生物学作用以及它们作为生物标志物的潜在用途。方法：基于TCGA数据和Ualcan数据库，在患者的组织样品中分析了具有TP53基因状态的表达谱和临床病理学特征及相关基因的表达水平。根据使用豹工具根据其生物学功能进行分类所选基因。基因集浓缩分析软件用于功能性浓缩分析。所有统计学分析都是使用GraphPad Prism 5进行的5.结果：在头部和颈部鳞状细胞癌中，观察到伪基因的显着上调和正常和癌症样品之间的基因表达。此外，表达，并取决于TP53基因中的突变的类型，它们与来自P53途径的基因相关。表达与表达明显相关。在临床病理学背景下，还观察到表达水平和头部鳞癌患者的表达水平的显着差异。所考虑的背景包括：T-阶段;等级，和;麻纹侵袭和淋巴结颈部解剖和HPV P16状态，以及。还观察到，与高表达组相比，对低表达患者的患者显着更长的无疾病存活。基因设定富集分析表明，高于患者的高患者具有令人讨厌的基因，与DNA修复，氧化磷酸化和过氧化物致病途径相连。对于改变的基因来自DNA修复基团，MyC靶标，E2F靶和氧化磷酸化途径，而在e2F靶标中的变化，G2M检查点和氧化磷酸化途径。结论：可以用作头部和颈部鳞状细胞癌诊断中的预后生物标志物。此外，由于致癌途径的上调和更具侵袭性表型，具有高表达或具有较差的结果的患者。

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