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New Insights into the Metabolism of the Flavanones Eriocitrin and Hesperidin: A Comparative Human Pharmacokinetic Study

机译:对黄兰酮伊硫酸盐和橙皮素的新陈代谢的新见解:比较人类药代动力学研究

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摘要

The intake of hesperidin-rich sources, mostly found in orange juice, can decrease cardiometabolic risk, potentially linked to the gut microbial phase-II hesperetin derivatives. However, the low hesperidin solubility hampers its bioavailability and microbial metabolism, yielding a high inter-individual variability (high vs. low-producers) that prevents consistent health-related evidence. Contrarily, the human metabolism of (lemon) eriocitrin is hardly known. We hypothesize that the higher solubility of (lemon) eriocitrin vs. (orange) hesperidin might yield more bioavailable metabolites than hesperidin. A randomized-crossover human pharmacokinetic study (n = 16) compared the bioavailability and metabolism of flavanones from lemon and orange extracts and postprandial changes in oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic markers after a high-fat-high-sugars meal. A total of 17 phase-II flavanone-derived metabolites were identified. No significant biomarker changes were observed. Plasma and urinary concentrations of all metabolites, including hesperetin metabolites, were higher after lemon extract intake. Total plasma metabolites showed significantly mean lower Tmax (6.0 ± 0.4 vs. 8.0 ± 0.5 h) and higher Cmax and AUC values after lemon extract intake. We provide new insights on hesperetin-eriodictyol interconversion and naringenin formation from hesperidin in humans. Our results suggest that regular consumption of a soluble and eco-friendly eriocitrin-rich lemon extract could provide a circulating concentration metabolites threshold to exert health benefits, even in the so-called low-producers.
机译:富含橙皮素的味道的摄入量大部分都在橙汁中发现,可以降低心肌截止的风险,可能与肠道微生物期 - II二苯甲酸素衍生物相关联。然而,低次permalidin溶解度阻碍了其生物利用度和微生物代谢,产生高间间的变异性(高与低生成剂),以防止与健康有关的证据一致。相反,(柠檬)二氧化体的人类代谢几乎不知道。我们假设(柠檬)伊铁蛋白与(橙色)橙皮蛋白的溶解度较高,可能比橙皮素产生更多的生物可利用的代谢物。随机交叉人类药代动力学研究(n = 16)比较了香脂酮的生物利用度和橙子提取物的生物利用度和代谢,以及在高脂高糖粕后氧化,炎症和代谢标志物的后骤花。鉴定了总共17阶段三烷酮衍生的代谢物。没有观察到显着的生物标志物变化。在柠檬提取物摄入后,包括橙皮素代谢物在内的所有代谢物的血浆和尿浓度。总血浆代谢产物显示出明显平均下降Tmax(6.0±0.4与8.0±0.5小时)和柠檬提取物进气后的更高的Cmax和AUC值。我们对哈培素-ERIODICTYOL相互转化和柚皮素形成的新见解,从人类中的橙皮素形成。我们的研究结果表明,即使在所谓的低生产商中,常规消费可溶性和生态富有的富含富含富含富含的富含富含的富含富含柠檬蛋白提取物的循环浓度代谢物阈值,以施加健康益处。

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