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Fine Particulate Air Pollution Public Service and Under-Five Mortality: A Cross-Country Empirical Study

机译：细粒度空气污染公共服务和五大死亡率：越野实证研究

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The impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on health outcomes, especially those of children, have attracted worldwide attention. Based on the PM2.5 concentration data of 94 countries, including the least developed countries estimated by satellite observations in nearly 20 years, this paper investigated the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and analyzed the role of public service in moderating the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Results indicated that PM2.5 pollution had significantly positive influence on U5MR globally. However, the effects of fine particulate pollution on child mortality were heterogeneous in terms of their significance and degrees in countries with different levels of development. A further test based on panel threshold model revealed that public service, measured by public education spending and sanitation service, played a positive moderating role in the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Specifically, when the ratio of public education expenditure in GDP of a country exceeded the first threshold value 3.39% and the second threshold value 5.47%, the magnitude of the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on U5MR significantly decreased accordingly. When the percentage of population with access to improved sanitation facilities in a country was over 41.3%, the health damaging effects were reduced by more than half. This paper fills the current gap of PM2.5 research in least developed countries and provides key policy recommendations.
机译：细颗粒物质（PM2.5）空气污染对健康成果，特别是儿童的影响，引起了全世界的注意力。基于94个国家的PM2.5集中数据，包括近20年来卫星观测估计的最不发达国家，本文调查了PM2.5污染对五个死亡率（U5MR）的影响并分析了采取PM2.5死亡关系的公共服务。结果表明，PM2.5污染对全球U5MR对U5MR具有显着积极影响。然而，在其具有不同发展水平的国家的意义和程度方面，细颗粒污染对儿童死亡率的影响是异质的。基于面板阈值模型的进一步测试表明，通过公共教育支出和卫生服务来衡量的公共服务在PM2.5死亡关系中起着积极的调节作用。具体而言，当一个国家GDP中的公共教育支出比率超过第一个阈值3.39％，第二次阈值5.47％，PM2.5对U5MR污染影响的幅度相应地减少了显着降低。当一个国家进入改进卫生设施的人口百分比超过41.3％时，健康破坏效应减少了一半以上。本文填补了最不发达国家PM2.5研究的当前差距，并提供了关键政策建议。

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