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Insights into the Influence of Membrane Permeability and Structure on Osmotically-Driven Membrane Processes

机译：膜渗透性和结构对渗透压膜过程的影响

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The success of osmotically-driven membrane (OM) technology relies critically on high-performance membranes. Yet trade-off of membrane properties, often further complicated by the strongly non-linear dependence of OM performance on them, imposes important constraint on membrane performance. This work systematically characterized four typical commercial osmotic membranes in terms of intrinsic separation parameters, structure and surface properties. The osmotic separation performance and membrane scaling behavior of these membranes were evaluated to elucidate the interrelationship of these properties. Experimental results revealed that membranes with smaller structural parameter (S) and higher water/solute selectivity underwent lower internal concentration polarization (ICP) and exhibited higher forward osmosis (FO) efficiency (i.e., higher ratio of experimental water flux over theoretical water flux). Under the condition with low ICP, membrane water permeability (A) had dominant effect on water flux. In this case, the investigated thin film composite membrane (TFC, A = 2.56 L/(m2 h bar), S = 1.14 mm) achieved a water flux up to 82% higher than that of the asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane (CTA-W(P), A = 1.06 L/(m2 h bar), S = 0.73 mm). In contrast, water flux became less dependent on the A value but was affected more by membrane structure under the condition with severe ICP, and the membrane exhibited lower FO efficiency. The ratio of water flux (Jv TFC/Jv CTA-W(P)) decreased to 0.55 when 0.5 M NaCl feed solution and 2 M NaCl draw solution were used. A framework was proposed to evaluate the governing factors under different conditions and to provide insights into the membrane optimization for targeted OM applications.
机译：渗透压膜（OM）技术的成功均依赖于高性能膜。然而，膜特性的权衡，通常通过对它们对OM性能的强烈非线性依赖性进一步复杂化，对膜性能进行了重要的限制。在本质分离参数，结构和表面性质方面，该工作系统地表征了四种典型的商业渗透膜。评估这些膜的渗透分离性能和膜缩放行为，以阐明这些性质的相互关系。实验结果表明，具有较小结构参数和更高水/溶质选择性的膜接受了较低的内部浓度偏振（ICP），并表现出更高的前渗透渗透压（I.，即理论水通量的实验水通量比较较高）。在低ICP的条件下，膜水渗透率（A）对水通量有显着效果。在这种情况下，所研究的薄膜复合膜（TFC，A = 2.56L /（M2HBAR），S = 1.14mm）达到了比不对称纤维素三乙酸膜（CTA-W）高的水通量高达82％（CTA-W. （P），A = 1.06 L /（M2 H BAR），S = 0.73毫米）。相比之下，水助焊剂的依赖性依赖于一个值，而是通过膜结构在具有严重ICP的情况下的膜结构影响，并且膜表现出较低的效率。当使用0.5M NaCl进料溶液和2M NaCl抽水溶液时，水通量（JV TFC / JV CTA-W（P））的比例降至0.55。建议框架评估不同条件下的管理因素，并为目标OM应用提供膜优化的见解。

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