Molecular machines and molecular robots are a highly interdisciplinary research field including material science, chemistry, biotechnology, biophysics, soft matter physics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and computer science [1,2,3]. Molecular machine engineering is based on motor protein science and supramolecular chemistry and is currently expanded to the development of dynamical molecular machinery. Besides, the research field of molecular robotics originates from DNA nanotechnology and DNA computing and has recently yielded results in the construction of dynamical molecular machinery by taking advantage of the characteristics of a sequence-based programmable design. The interaction between these two fields will, furthermore, promote the development of nanometer- or micrometer-sized dynamical and programmable robotic systems equipped with molecular sensors and molecular intelligence.
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