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Effects of Few-Layer Graphene on the Sexual Reproduction of Seed Plants: An In Vivo Study with

机译：几层石墨烯对种子植物性繁殖的影响：体内研究

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Products containing graphene-related materials (GRMs) are becoming quite common, raising concerns for environmental safety. GRMs have varying effects on plants, but their impact on the sexual reproduction process is largely unknown. In this study, the effects of few-layer graphene (FLG) and a similarly layered phyllosilicate, muscovite mica (MICA), were tested in vivo on the reproductive structures, i.e., pollen and stigma, of Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. pepo ‘greyzini’ (summer squash, zucchini). Pollen was exposed to FLG or MICA, after careful physical-chemical characterization, at concentrations of 0.5 and 2 mg of nanomaterial (NM) per g of pollen for up to six hours. Following this, pollen viability was tested. Stigmas were exposed to FLG or MICA for three hours and then analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy to verify possible alterations to their surface. Stigmas were then hand-pollinated to verify the effects of the two NMs on pollen adhesion and in vivo pollen germination. FLG and MICA altered neither pollen viability nor the stigmatic surface. However, both NMs equivalently decreased pollen adhesion and in vivo germination compared with untreated stigmas. These effects deserve further attention as they could impact on production of fruits and seeds. Importantly, it was shown that FLG is as safe as a naturally occurring nanomaterial.
机译：含有与石墨烯相关材料（GRMS）的产品变得非常常见，提高了环境安全的担忧。 GRMS对植物产生不同的影响，但它们对性生殖过程的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在该研究中，少数石墨烯（FLG）和类似层状字节硅酸盐，Muscovite MICA（云母）的影响在体内进行了在杨际肽肽的生殖结构中的生殖结构，即花粉和耻骨。 Pepo'Greyzini'（夏季南瓜，西葫芦）。在仔细物理化学表征后，花粉暴露于FLG或云母，以每G花粉为0.5和2mg纳米材料（NM），最多六小时。在此之后，测试了花粉活力。柱头暴露于FLG或云母3小时，然后通过环境扫描电子显微镜分析，以验证其表面的可能改变。然后手工授粉的柱塞授粉，以验证两种NMS对花粉粘附和体内花粉萌发的影响。 FLG和云母既不改变花粉活力也不改变耻骨表面。然而，与未经处理的柱头相比，NMS等效地降低了花粉粘附和体内萌发。这些效果应该得到进一步的关注，因为它们可能会影响水果和种子的产生。重要的是，显示FLG与天然存在的纳米材料一样安全。

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