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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Polymers >Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology
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Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology

机译：用于多效蒸馏（MED）技术的热增强聚合物管的可持续性评估及技术经济分析

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Metal-alloys tubes are used in the falling-film evaporator of the multi-effect distillation (MED) that is the dominant and efficient thermal seawater desalination process. However, the harsh seawater environment (high salinity and high temperature) causes scale precipitation and corrosion of MED evaporators’ metal tubes, presenting a serious technical challenge to the process. Therefore, the metal/metal alloys used as the material of the MED evaporators’ tubes are expensive and require high energy and costly tube fabrication process. On the other hand, polymers are low-cost, easy to fabricate into tubes, and highly corrosion-resistant, but have low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, thermally conductive fillers can enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers. In this article, we carried out a feasibility-study-based techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis, as well as a life-cycle assessment (LCA), of a conventional MED desalination plant that uses titanium tubes and a plant that used thermally enhanced polymer composites (i.e., polyethylene (PE)-expanded graphite (EG) composite) as the tubes’ material. Two different polymer composites containing 30% and 40% filler (expanded graphite/graphene) are considered. Our results indicate that the MED plant based on polymer composite tubes has favored economic and carbon emission metrics with the potential to reduce the cost of the MED evaporator (shell and tubes) by 40% below the cost of the titanium evaporator. Moreover, the equivalent carbon emissions associated with the composite polymer tubes’ evaporator is 35% lower than titanium tubes. On the other hand, the ozone depletion, acidification, and fossil fuel depletion for the polymer composite tubes are comparable with that of the titanium tubes. The recycling of thermally enhanced polymers is not considered in this LCA analysis; however, after the end of life, reusing the polymer material into other products would lower the overall environmental impacts. Moreover, the polymer composite tubes can be produced locally, which will not only reduce the environmental impacts due to transportation but also create jobs for local manufacturing.
机译：金属合金管用于多效蒸馏（MED）的下降膜蒸发器，即主导和有效的热海水脱盐过程。然而，苛刻的海水环境（高盐度和高温）导致Med蒸发器的金属管的凝固和腐蚀，对该过程提出了严重的技术挑战。因此，用作MED蒸发器管材料的金属/金属合金是昂贵的并且需要高能量和昂贵的管制造过程。另一方面，聚合物是低成本，易于制造成管，耐高采烈，但具有低导热性。然而，导热填料可以增强聚合物的导热率。在本文中，我们开展了一种可行性的技术经济和社会经济和社会经济分析，以及使用钛管和使用热增强聚合物的植物的常规MED脱盐厂的生命周期评估（LCA）复合材料（即，聚乙烯（PE） - 展开石墨（例如）复合材料）作为管材料。考虑含有30％和40％填料（膨胀石墨/石墨烯）的两种不同的聚合物复合材料。我们的研究结果表明，基于聚合物复合管的MED植物有利于经济和碳排放度量，其可能降低MED蒸发器（壳管）的成本低40％低于钛蒸发器的成本。此外，与复合聚合物管蒸发器相关的等同碳排放比钛管低35％。另一方面，聚合物复合管的臭氧耗尽，酸化和化石燃料耗竭与钛管的脱脂剂相当。在该LCA分析中不考虑热增强聚合物的再循环;然而，在寿命结束后，将聚合物材料重新熔成其他产品将降低整体环境影响。此外，聚合物复合管可以在本地生产，这不仅将减少由于运输而导致的环境影响，而且还可以为当地制造制造工作。

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