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Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization

机译：土壤有机质降解长期玉米栽培有机施肥不足

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摘要

Soil organic matter carbon (CSOM) compounds degradation was observed in long-term field experiments with silage maize monoculture. Over a period of 26 years, the content of carbon in topsoil decreased by 22% in control unfertilized plots compared to 25% and 26% in treatments fertilized annually with mineral nitrogen. With annual wheat straw application (together with mineral N), the content of CSOM decreased by 8%. Contrary to that, the annual application of farmyard manure resulted in a CSOM increase of 16%. The ratio of carbon produced by maize related to total topsoil CSOM content ranged between 8.1–11.8%. In plots with mineral N fertilization, this ratio was always higher than in the unfertilized control plots. With the weaker soil extraction agent (CaCl2), the ratio of carbon produced by maize was determined to be 17.9–20.7%. With stronger extraction agent (pyrophosphate) it was only 10.2–14.6%. This shows that maize produced mostly unstable carbon compounds. Mineral N application resulted in stronger mineralization of original and stable organic matter compared to the unfertilized control. However, the increase of maize-produced carbon content in fertilized plots did not compensate for the decrease of “old” organic matter. As a result, a tendency to decrease total CSOM content in plots with mineral N applied was observed.
机译：土壤有机物质碳（CSOM）化合物在具有青贮玉米单胚层的长期场实验中观察到降解。在26年的时间内，对照的碳中碳的含量减少了22％，控制未受精的地块相比，矿物氮每年受精25％和26％。随着年度小麦秸秆应用（与矿物N）一起，CSOM的含量下降了8％。与此相反，农家粪肥的年度应用导致CSOM增加16％。玉米产生的碳与总皮下CSOM含量相关的碳比率范围在8.1-11.8％之间。在矿物氮施氮的曲线中，该比例总是高于未受精的对照图。通过较弱的土壤萃取剂（CaCl2），测定玉米产生的碳的比例为17.9-20.7％。具有较强的萃取剂（焦磷酸）仅为10.2-14.6％。这表明玉米产生了大多是不稳定的碳化合物。与未受精的对照相比，矿物质N应用导致原始且稳定的有机物的矿化强。然而，受精地块中玉米产生的碳含量的增加没有补偿“旧”有机物的减少。结果，观察到施加矿物N的图中总CSOM含量的趋势。

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