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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Biology Letters >Which morphological characters are influential in a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis? Examples from the earliest osteichthyans
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Which morphological characters are influential in a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis? Examples from the earliest osteichthyans

机译：哪种形态特征在贝叶斯系统发育分析中有影响力？来自最早的骨粒细胞的例子

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There has been much recent debate about which method is best for reconstructing the tree of life from morphological datasets. However, little attention has been paid to which characters, if any, are responsible for topological differences between trees recovered from competing methods on empirical datasets. Indeed, a simple procedure for finding characters supporting conflicting tree topologies is available in a parsimony framework, but an equivalent procedure in a model-based framework is lacking. Here, I introduce such a procedure and apply it to the problem of the ‘psarolepid’ osteichthyans. The ‘psarolepids’, which include the earliest known osteichthyans, are weakly supported as stem osteichthyans under parsimony but strongly supported as sarcopterygians in Bayesian analysis. The Bayesian result is driven by just two characters, both of which relate to the intracranial joint of sarcopterygians. Important characters that support a stem osteichthyan affinity for ‘psarolepids’, such as the absence of tooth enamel, have virtually no effect in a Bayesian framework. This is because of a bias towards characters with relatively complete sampling, a bias that has previously been reported for molecular data. This has important implications for Bayesian analysis of morphological datasets in general, as characters from different body parts commonly have different levels of coding completeness. Methods to critically appraise character support for conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses, such as that used here, should form an important part of phylogenetic analyses.
机译：最近有关于哪种方法最适合从形态学数据集重建生命树的方法。但是，对于从竞争方法上恢复到经验数据集的竞争方法之间的拓扑差异，已经支付了很少的注意力。实际上，在Parsimony框架中提供了一种用于查找支持冲突树拓扑结构的字符的简单过程，但缺乏基于模型的框架中的等效过程。在这里，我介绍了这样的程序并将其应用于“诗篇”骨桥内核心的问题。包含最早已知的骨核算蛋白的“白藜芦醇蛋白”是弱等分布下的茎骨核算弱等待，但在贝叶斯分析中强烈支持。贝叶斯结果仅仅是两个字符的驱动，两者都涉及Sarcopterygians的颅内关节。支持茎骨内素的关键性的重要人物对“白藜芦醇的”，例如牙釉质的缺失，在贝叶斯框架上几乎没有影响。这是因为对具有相对完整采样的字符的偏置，先前据报道的分子数据的偏差。这对贝叶斯的形态数据集进行了重要意义，通常，来自不同身体部位的字符通常具有不同的编码完整程度。方法对突出的系统发育假假设的批判性衡量性状支持，例如在此处使用的方法，应形成系统发育分析的重要组成部分。

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