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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Legal and Regulatory Approaches to Rehabilitation Planning: A Concise Overview of Current Laws and Policies Addressing Access to Rehabilitation in Five European Countries
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Legal and Regulatory Approaches to Rehabilitation Planning: A Concise Overview of Current Laws and Policies Addressing Access to Rehabilitation in Five European Countries

机译：康复规划的法律和监管方法：目前法律和政策的简明概述用于处理五个欧洲国家的康复

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Background: The rising prevalence of disability due to noncommunicable diseases and the aging process in tandem with under-prioritization and underdevelopment of rehabilitation services remains a significant concern for European public health. Over recent years, health system responses to population health needs, including rehabilitation needs, have been increasingly acknowledging the power of law and formal written policies as strategic governance tools to improve population health outcomes. However, the contents and scope of enacted legislation and adopted policies concerning rehabilitation services in Europe has not been synthesized. This paper presents a concise overview of laws and policies addressing rehabilitation in five European countries. Methods: Publicly available laws, policies, and national action plans addressing rehabilitation issues of Sweden, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom were reviewed and descriptive documents analyzed. Actions found in national health policies were also evaluated for compliance with the key recommendations specified in the World Health Organization’s Rehabilitation 2030: Call for Action. Results: Across countries, legal and policy approaches to rehabilitation planning varied in scope and reach. While all countries entitle citizens to rehabilitation services, comprehensiveness of coverage varied. Health legislation of Germany and Netherlands recognizes access to rehabilitation as a human right for persons with disabilities, while Sweden and the United Kingdom acknowledge its importance in disability laws for achieving substantive equality for persons with disabilities. Regarding policies, in all countries but Italy, targeted universalism remains the predominant strategy governing rehabilitation services, as demonstrated by the lack of comprehensive, national action plans for rehabilitation addressing the general population. Nevertheless, references found in disease specific policies indicate a solid consensus that rehabilitation remains an integral component of the care continuum for those experiencing disability. Conclusion: Although a universal approach to rehabilitation coverage is institutionalized in national legislation of the countries examined, this approach is not expressed in formal policies. Targeted strategies aiming to ensure access to subpopulation groups with higher perceived needs for rehabilitation prevail, indicating a strong political will towards the reduction of health inequalities and the promotion of human rights of people experiencing disability. Results obtained from conducting this descriptive review provide the basis for future appraisals of the situation regarding rehabilitation service and policy development in Europe.
机译：背景：由于非传染性疾病和康复服务不足和不发达的抗衰老过程引起的残疾患病率升高仍然是欧洲公共卫生的重要关注。近年来，卫生系统对人口卫生需求的反应，包括康复需求，越来越承认法律和正式书面政策作为战略治理工具，以改善人口卫生成果。但是，尚未合成颁布的立法和通过关于欧洲康复服务的政策的内容和范围。本文提出了一项简要概述了解决五个欧洲国家康复的法律和政策概述。方法：审查了涉及瑞典，意大利，德国，荷兰和英国康复问题的公开的法律，政策和国家行动计划，并分析了描述性文件。国家卫生政策中发现的行动也被评估遵守世界卫生组织康复2030年中规定的主要建议：呼吁采取行动。结果：跨国公司，康复规划的法律和政策方法在范围和范围内各不相同。虽然所有国家都有康复服务的公民，但覆盖范围的全面性变化。德国和荷兰的卫生立法承认获得康复作为残疾人的人权，而瑞典和联合王国则承认其对残疾人法律的重要性，以实现残疾人的实质性平等。关于所有国家但意大利的政策，有针对性的普遍主义仍然是康复服务的主要战略，正如缺乏全面，国家行动计划所证明的康复统治普通人口。然而，疾病特定政策中发现的参考文献表明，坚定的共识，即康复仍然是受伤性残疾人的护理连续体的组成部分。结论：虽然在审查的国家的国家立法中制度化了普遍的康复覆盖方法，但这种方法在正式政策中没有表达。有针对性的策略，以确保获得更高的康复需求的贫困群体的占上风，表明对减少健康不平等的强烈政治意愿以及促进体育残疾人的人权。通过进行这一描述性评审获得的结果为未来欧洲康复服务和政策制定的情况提供了未来评估的基础。

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