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Implication of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes

机译:表观遗传因素在1型糖尿病发病机制中的含义

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摘要

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that resulted from the severe destruction of the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreases of individuals with a genetic predisposition. Genome-wide studies have identified HLA and other risk genes associated with T1D susceptibility in humans. However, evidence obtained from the incomplete concordance of diabetes incidence among monozygotic twins suggests that environmental factors also play critical roles in T1D pathogenesis. Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field that serves as a bridge to link T1D risk genes and environmental exposures, thereby modulating the expression of critical genes relevant to T1D development beyond the changes of DNA sequences. Indeed, there is compelling evidence that epigenetic changes induced by environmental insults are implicated in T1D pathogenesis. Herein, we sought to summarize the recent progress in terms of epigenetic mechanisms in T1D initiation and progression, and discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the T1D setting.
机译:1型糖尿病(T1D)是一种自身免疫性疾病,其导致从个体的与遗传易感性胰腺产生胰岛素的β细胞的严重破坏。全基因组研究已确定HLA与人类1型糖尿病易感性相关的其他风险基因。然而,从糖尿病的发生的单卵双生子之间的不完全一致获得的证据表明,环境因素也是发病1型糖尿病中发挥关键作用。表观遗传学是一个快速增长的领域充当桥梁,连接I型糖尿病风险的基因和环境暴露,从而调节相关的I型糖尿病的发展超出了DNA序列变化的关键基因的表达。事实上,有令人信服的证据表明由环境损害引起的表观遗传变化在1型糖尿病的发病机制有牵连。在此,我们试图总结在1型糖尿病发生和发展的表观遗传机制方面的最新进展,并讨论其作为T1D设置生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。

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