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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Small cats in big trouble? Diet activity and habitat use of jungle cats and leopard cats in threatened dry deciduous forests Cambodia
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Small cats in big trouble? Diet activity and habitat use of jungle cats and leopard cats in threatened dry deciduous forests Cambodia

机译：小猫陷入困境？饮食活动和栖息地使用丛林猫和豹猫在受威胁的干落叶林柬埔寨

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Dry deciduous dipterocarp forests (DDF) cover about 15%–20% of Southeast Asia and are the most threatened forest type in the region. The jungle cat (Felis chaus) is a DDF specialist that occurs only in small isolated populations in Southeast Asia. Despite being one of the rarest felids in the region, almost nothing is known about its ecology. We investigated the ecology of jungle cats and their resource partitioning with the more common leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in a DDF‐dominated landscape in Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia. We used camera‐trap data collected from 2009 to 2019 and DNA‐confirmed scats to determine the temporal, dietary and spatial overlap between jungle cats and leopard cats. The diet of jungle cats was relatively diverse and consisted of murids (56% biomass consumed), sciurids (15%), hares (Lepus peguensis; 12%), birds (8%), and reptiles (8%), whereas leopard cats had a narrower niche breadth and a diet dominated by smaller prey, primarily murids (73%). Nonetheless, dietary overlap was high because both felid species consumed predominantly small rodents. Both species were primarily nocturnal and had high temporal overlap. Two‐species occupancy modelling suggested jungle cats were restricted to DDF and had low occupancy, whereas leopard cats had higher occupancy and were habitat generalists. Our study confirmed that jungle cats are DDF specialists that likely persist in low numbers due to the harsh conditions of the dry season in this habitat, including annual fires and substantial decreases in small vertebrate prey. The lower occupancy and more diverse diet of jungle cats, together with the broader habitat use of leopard cats, likely facilitated the coexistence of these species. The low occupancy of jungle cats in DDF suggests that protection of large areas of DDF will be required for the long‐term conservation of this rare felid in Southeast Asia.
机译：干落叶龙脑香林（DDF），大约覆盖15％-20东南亚％，并且是该地区受威胁最严重的森林类型。丛林猫（猫chaus）是只发生在东南亚孤立的小种群一个DDF专家。尽管是在该地区最稀有的猫科动物之一，几乎没有人知道关于它的生态。我们调查的丛林猫科动物的生态，并在Srepok野生动物保护区，柬埔寨DDF为主的景观更常见的豹猫（豹猫属孟加拉）的资源分配。我们使用收集的2009至19年和DNA-证实粪照相机阱数据以确定丛林猫，豹猫之间的时间，饮食和空间重叠。丛林猫的饮食相对多样化的，并且由murids（56级％的生物量消耗），sciurids（15％），野兔（天兔座peguensis; 12％）的，鸟类（8％），和爬行动物（8％），而豹猫有较窄的位宽度和由较小猎物主导的饮食，主要murids（73％）。尽管如此，饮食重叠是高的，因为这两种猫科动物种主要食用小老鼠。这两个品种主要是夜间活动，具有较高的时间重叠。二种占用造型建议丛林猫被限制在DDF且具有低入住率，而豹猫有较高的占有率，并为栖息地的多面手。我们的研究证实，丛林猫是DDF专家认为有可能在低的数字，因为旱季在此栖息的苛刻条件，包括每年的火灾和小脊椎动物捕食大幅下跌依然存在。较低的入住率和丛林猫的更多样化的饮食，与更广泛的栖息地利用豹猫在一起，可能有利于这些物种的共存。在DDF丛林猫的低入住暗示的DDF大面积的保护将需要在东南亚这个难得的猫科动物的长期保护。

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