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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >An Integrated Approach to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Large-Scale Gold Mining: The Nzema-Gold Mines in the Ellembelle District of Ghana as a Case Study
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An Integrated Approach to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Large-Scale Gold Mining: The Nzema-Gold Mines in the Ellembelle District of Ghana as a Case Study

机译：评估大型金矿环境影响的综合办法：加纳艾雷姆贝尔区的Nzema-Gold矿山作为案例研究

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The mining industry is a significant asset to the development of countries. Ghana, Africa’s second-largest gold producer, has benefited from gold mining as the sector generates about 90% of the country’s total exports. Just like all industries, mining is associated with benefits and risks to indigenes and the host environment. Small-scale miners are mostly accused in Ghana of being environmentally disruptive, due to their modes of operations. As a result, this paper seeks to assess the environmental impacts of large-scale gold mining with the Nzema Mines in Ellembelle as a case study. The study employs a double-phase mixed-method approach—a case study approach, consisting of site visitation, key informant interviews, questionnaires, and literature reviews, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis method. The NDVI analysis shows that agricultural land reduced by −0.98%, while the bare area increases by 5.21% between the 2008 and 2015 periods. Our results show that forest reserves and bare area were reduced by −4.99% and −29%, respectively, while residential areas increased by 28.17% between 2015 and 2020. Vegetation, land, air, and water quality are highly threatened by large-scale mining in the area. Weak enforcement of mining policies, ineffective stakeholder institution collaborations, and limited community participation in decision-making processes were also noticed during the study. The authors conclude by giving recommendations to help enhance sustainable mining and ensure environmental sustainability in the district and beyond.
机译：矿业行业是国家发展的重要资产。非洲第二大黄金生产商加纳受益于金矿，因为该部门占该国总出口的90％。就像所有行业一样，采矿与土着人和宿主环境有关。由于他们的运营方式，小规模矿工主要被指控在加纳环境中破坏性。因此，本文旨在评估大型金矿与艾尔姆贝尔郡的大型金矿的环境影响为例。该研究采用双相混合方法方法 - 案例研究方法，包括现场探视，关键信息面试，问卷和文学评论，以及归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）分析方法。 NDVI分析表明，农产品降低了-0.98％，而裸露的面积在2008年和2015年期间增加了5.21％。我们的研究结果表明，森林储备和裸露区分别降低了-4.99％和-29％，而2015年至2020年间住宅区在植被，土地，空气和水质之间增加了28.17％，大规模受到大规模威胁在该地区开采。在研究期间还注意到采矿政策的薄弱执行，无效利益相关者机构合作，有限的社区参与决策过程。作者通过推荐建议，帮助加强可持续采矿，确保该区及以后的环境可持续性。

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