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Homocysteine Induces Apoptosis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

机译:同型半胱氨酸通过线粒体功能障碍和内质网应激诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡

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摘要

Homocysteine- (Hcy-) induced endothelial cell apoptosis has been suggested as a cause of Hcy-dependent vascular injury, while the proposed molecular pathways underlying this process are unclear. In this study, we investigated the adverse effects of Hcy on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that moderate-dose Hcy treatment induced HUVEC apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, prolonged Hcy treatment increased the expression of NOX4 and the production of intracellular ROS but decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), resulting in the leakage of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. Prolonged Hcy treatment also upregulated glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), and induced the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and the phosphorylation of NF-κb. The inhibition of NOX4 decreased the production of ROS and alleviated the Hcy-induced HUVEC apoptosis and ER stress. Blocking the PERK pathway partly alleviated Hcy-induced HUVEC apoptosis and the activation of NF-κb. Taken together, our results suggest that Hcy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction crucially modulated apoptosis and contributed to the activation of ER stress in HUVEC. The excessive activation of the PERK pathway partly contributed to Hcy-induced HUVEC apoptosis and the phosphorylation of NF-κb.
机译:同型半胱氨酸(Hcy-)诱导的内皮细胞凋亡已被认为是依赖Hcy的血管损伤的原因,而这一过程的潜在分子途径尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们调查了Hcy对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的不利影响及其潜在机制。我们的研究结果表明,中等剂量的Hcy治疗以时间依赖性方式诱导HUVEC凋亡。此外,长时间的Hcy处理会增加NOX4的表达和细胞内ROS的产生,但会降低Bcl-2 / Bax和线粒体膜电位(MMP)的比率,导致细胞色素c泄漏和caspase-3活化。长时间的Hcy处理还会上调葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78),活化蛋白激酶RNA样ER激酶(PERK),并诱导C / EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)的表达和NF-κb的磷酸化。 NOX4的抑制降低了ROS的产生并减轻了Hcy诱导的HUVEC凋亡和内质网应激。阻断PERK途径可部分缓解Hcy诱导的HUVEC凋亡和NF-κb的激活。两者合计,我们的结果表明,Hcy诱导的线粒体功能异常关键调节细胞凋亡,并有助于激活HUVEC中的ER应激。 PERK途径的过度激活部分促成Hcy诱导的HUVEC凋亡和NF-κb的磷酸化。

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