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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The ISME Journal >Physiological adaptations to serpentinization in the Samail Ophiolite Oman
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Physiological adaptations to serpentinization in the Samail Ophiolite Oman

机译：阿曼萨迈尔蛇绿岩对蛇纹石化的生理适应

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摘要

Hydration of ultramafic rock during the geologic process of serpentinization can generate reduced substrates that microorganisms may use to fuel their carbon and energy metabolisms. However, serpentinizing environments also place multiple constraints on microbial life by generating highly reduced hyperalkaline waters that are limited in dissolved inorganic carbon. To better understand how microbial life persists under these conditions, we performed geochemical measurements on waters from a serpentinizing environment and subjected planktonic microbial cells to metagenomic and physiological analyses. Metabolic potential inferred from metagenomes correlated with fluid type, and genes involved in anaerobic metabolisms were enriched in hyperalkaline waters. The abundance of planktonic cells and their rates of utilization of select single-carbon compounds were lower in hyperalkaline waters than alkaline waters. However, the ratios of substrate assimilation to dissimilation were higher in hyperalkaline waters than alkaline waters, which may represent adaptation to minimize energetic and physiologic stress imposed by highly reducing, carbon-limited conditions. Consistent with this hypothesis, estimated genome sizes and average oxidation states of carbon in inferred proteomes were lower in hyperalkaline waters than in alkaline waters. These data suggest that microorganisms inhabiting serpentinized waters exhibit a unique suite of physiological adaptations that allow for their persistence under these polyextremophilic conditions.
机译：在蛇纹石化的地质过程中，超镁铁质岩石的水化作用可产生减少的底物，微生物可利用这些底物来为其碳和能量代谢提供燃料。然而，蛇纹化环境还通过产生高度还原的高碱性水而对微生物的寿命施加了多种限制，这些高碱性水被限制在溶解的无机碳中。为了更好地了解微生物在这些条件下如何持续存在，我们对来自蛇形化环境的水进行了地球化学测量，并对浮游微生物细胞进行了宏基因组和生理学分析。从代谢组学推断的代谢潜能与体液类型有关，厌氧代谢中涉及的基因在高碱性水域富集。与碱性水相比，高碱性水中浮游生物的丰度及其对某些单碳化合物的利用率较低。然而，在高碱性水域中，底物同化与异化的比率高于碱性水，这可能代表了通过最大限度地减少碳限制条件而施加的能量和生理压力最小化的适应性。与该假设一致，在高碱性水中，估计的蛋白质组中基因组的大小和碳的平均氧化态要比碱性水中的低。这些数据表明，居住在蛇纹石化水域中的微生物表现出独特的生理适应性，可以在这些多极端性条件下持续存在。

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