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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >U.S. EPA Authority to Use Cumulative Risk Assessments in Environmental Decision-Making
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U.S. EPA Authority to Use Cumulative Risk Assessments in Environmental Decision-Making

机译：美国EPA当局在环境决策中使用累积风险评估

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摘要

Conventionally, in its decision-making, the U.S. EPA has evaluated the effects and risks associated with a single pollutant in a single exposure medium. In reality, people are exposed to mixtures of pollutants or to the same pollutant through a variety of media, including the air, water, and food. It is now more recognized than before that environmental exposure to pollutants occurs via multiple exposure routes and pathways, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Moreover, chemical, biologic, radiologic, physical, and psychologic stressors are all acknowledged as affecting human health. Although many EPA offices attempt to consider cumulative risk assessment and cumulative effects in various ways, there is no Agency-wide policy for considering these risks and the effects of exposure to these risks when making environmental decisions. This article examines how U.S. courts might assess EPA’s general authority and discretion to use cumulative risk assessment as the basis for developing data in support of environmental decision-making, and how courts might assess the validity of a cumulative risk assessment methodology itself.
机译：按照惯例，美国EPA在决策过程中会评估与单一暴露介质中单一污染物相关的影响和风险。实际上，人们通过各种媒介（包括空气，水和食物）暴露于污染物混合物或同一污染物。现在比以往任何时候都更加认识到，环境对污染物的暴露是通过多种暴露途径和途径进行的，包括吸入，食入和皮肤吸收。而且，化学，生物，放射，物理和心理压力源都被认为影响人类健康。尽管许多EPA办事处试图以各种方式考虑累积风险评估和累积影响，但是在制定环境决策时，没有机构范围内的政策来考虑这些风险以及承受这些风险的影响。本文探讨了美国法院如何评估EPA的一般权限和酌处权，以使用累积风险评估为基础来开发支持环境决策的数据，以及法院如何评估累积风险评估方法本身的有效性。

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