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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Microbiology >Turbulence-driven shifts in holobionts and planktonic microbial assemblages in St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil
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Turbulence-driven shifts in holobionts and planktonic microbial assemblages in St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil

机译：巴西中大西洋海脊圣彼得和圣保罗群岛的湍流和浮游微生物组合的湍流驱动变化

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The aim of this study was to investigate the planktonic and the holobiont Madracis decactis (Scleractinia) microbial diversity along a turbulence-driven upwelling event, in the world's most isolated tropical island, St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (SPSPA, Brazil). Twenty one metagenomes were obtained for seawater (N = 12), healthy and bleached holobionts (N = 9) before, during and after the episode of high seawater turbulence and upwelling. Microbial assemblages differed between low turbulence-low nutrient (LLR) and high-turbulence-high nutrient (HHR) regimes in seawater. During LLR there was a balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in the bacterioplankton and the ratio cyanobacteria:heterotrophs ~1 (C:H). Prochlorales, unclassified Alphaproteobacteria and Euryarchaeota were the dominant bacteria and archaea, respectively. Basic metabolisms and cyanobacterial phages characterized the LLR. During HHR C:H < < 0.05 and Gammaproteobacteria approximated 50% of the most abundant organisms in seawater. Alteromonadales, Oceanospirillales, and Thaumarchaeota were the dominant bacteria and archaea. Prevailing metabolisms were related to membrane transport, virulence, disease, and defense. Phages targeting heterotrophs and virulence factor genes characterized HHR. Shifts were also observed in coral microbiomes, according to both annotation–indepent and -dependent methods. HHR bleached corals metagenomes were the most dissimilar and could be distinguished by their di- and tetranucleotides frequencies, Iron Acquision metabolism and virulence genes, such as V. cholerae-related virulence factors. The healthy coral holobiont was shown to be less sensitive to transient seawater-related perturbations than the diseased animals. A conceptual model for the turbulence-induced shifts is put forward.
机译：这项研究的目的是在世界上最偏僻的热带岛屿圣彼得和圣保罗群岛（SPSPA，巴西）上，沿着湍流驱动的上升流事件调查浮游生物和全麦念珠菌（Scleractinia）微生物多样性。在海水湍流和上升流发生之前，期间和之后，获得了21个海水（N = 12），健康的和漂白的全生命线虫（N = 9）的元基因组。在海水中，低湍流低养分（LLR）和高湍流高养分（HHR）方案之间的微生物组合有所不同。在LLR期间，浮游植物的自养和异养之间存在平衡，蓝藻菌：异养菌比率约为1（C：H）。前氯藻，未分类的阿尔法变形杆菌和古细菌分别是主要细菌和古细菌。基础代谢和蓝藻噬菌体是LLR的特征。在HHR期间，C：H <<0.05，伽马变形杆菌约占海水中最丰富生物的50％。优势菌和古细菌是交链藻，海洋螺旋藻和丘霉菌。普遍的新陈代谢与膜运输，毒力，疾病和防御有关。靶向异养生物和毒力因子基因的噬菌体表征了HHR。根据注释独立方法和依赖方法，在珊瑚微生物区系中也观察到了变化。 HHR漂白的珊瑚基因组最为相似，可以通过其二核苷酸和四核苷酸频率，铁捕获性代谢和毒力基因（例如霍乱弧菌相关毒力因子）来区分。事实证明，与患病动物相比，健康的珊瑚虹鳟鱼对与海水有关的短暂扰动敏感性较低。提出了湍流变化的概念模型。

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